abnormal psychology

Question 1

An area of scientific study aimed at describing, explaining, predicting, and modifying behaviors that are considered unusual or strange

Answer 1

Abnormal psychology

Question 2

abnormal psychology uses ____ attempts to describe, assess, and systematically draw inferences about an individual’s psychological disorder

Answer 2

psychodiagnosis

Question 3

DSM-5 defines abnormal behavior as:
“a behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that reflects an underlying _____ dysfunction, is associated with ___ or ____, and is not merely an expectable response to common stressors or losses.” (www.dsm5.org)

Answer 3

• Psychobiological
• distress
• disability

Question 4

different, extreme, unusual, bizarre

Answer 4

deviance

Question 5

unpleasant or upsetting to the person

Answer 5

distress

Question 6

interfering with the person’s ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

Answer 6

dysfunction

Question 7

posing risk of harm to self or others

Answer 7

danger

Question 8

Behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that differ markedly from a society’s ideas about “proper” functioning.
- ___ (written rules)
- ___ (socially unacceptable)

Answer 8

deviance
- explicit rules
- implicit rules

Question 9

According to many clinical theorists, behavior, ideas, or emotions usually have to cause _____ before they can be labeled abnormal.

Answer 9

distress

Question 10

____ that is interfering with successful daily living, social interaction, and productivity.
-___ is ___ _____ and doesn’t necessarily indicate psychological abnormality.

Answer 10

dysfunction
- dysfunction
- culturally determined

Question 11

When someone is a threat to the safety of themselves or of others, this is considered abnormal behavior.

• Not taking prescribed medication
• Not eating, or eating non-food items
• Aggression due to paranoia
• Severe self-injury
• Suicidal or homicidal plans
• Research suggests that being dangerous is the ____ rather than the rule

Answer 11

danger
- exception

Question 12

The cause or origin of a disorder

Answer 12

etiology

Question 13

Study of the prevalence of mental illness in a society

Answer 13

psychiatric epidemiology

Question 14

Percentage of individuals in a targeted population who have a particular disorder during a specific period of time

Answer 14

prevalence

Question 15

Number of new cases of a disorder that appear in an identified population within a specified time period

Answer 15

incidence

Question 16

An analogy used by scientists, usually to describe or explain a phenomenon or process they cannot directly observe

Answer 16

model of abnormality

Question 17

Attempts to integrate biological, psychological, and social factors, but gives little importance to sociocultural influences

Answer 17

biopsychosocial model

Question 18

Provides an organizational framework for understanding the causes of mental disorders, the complexity of their interacting components, and the need to view disorders from a holistic framework

Answer 18

multipath model

Question 19

____ takes a medical approach
Psychopathology is an illness brought on by a malfunctioning organism
- heavily infleuced by ____
- knowledge of the structure and function of the ____ is important

Answer 19

biological
- neuroscience
- central nervous system

Question 20

biological factors focus on two things
- what is a key explanation for abnormality

Answer 20

• brain chemistry
• brain anatomy
• imbalance of chemicals

Question 21

three biological neurotransmitters include

Answer 21

dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

Question 22

____ regulates mood, increases arousal and alertness.
- associated with MOOD and EATING DISORDERS

Answer 22

Norepinephrine

Question 23

____movement, memory, reward, cognition…..
- an excess has been associated with SCHIZOPHRENIA
- too little has been associated with PARKINSONS
- _____ imbalance has also been connected with ADDICTION

Answer 23

dopamine

Question 24

____ suppresses activity, causes sleep
- associated with ANXIETY, MOOD, and, EATING DISORDERS

Answer 24

serotonin

Question 25

biological factor gene - genetic makeup plays an important role in developing abnormal conditions - ___ may be inherited - hereditary factors are implicated in alcoholism, schizophrenia, and depression ____ genetic makeup ____ observable physical and behavioral characteristics

Answer 25

autonomic nervous system reactivity - genotype - phenotype

Question 26

treatments from biological perspective are physical in nature -

Answer 26

medication, ECT, Neurosurgery

Question 27

four major drug groups of medication

Answer 27

antianxiety, antidepressant, antimanic, and antipsychotic

Question 28

explanation vary considerably depending on the ___ theoretical orientation

Answer 28

psychological

Question 29

four major perspectives within the psychological model

Answer 29

- psychodynamic - behavioral - cognitive - humanistic

Question 30

adult disorders arise from childhood traumas or anxieties

Answer 30

psychodynamic model

Question 31

- Childhood-based anxieties (sex/aggression) operate unconsciously and are repressed through defense mechanisms because they are too threatening to face. - Ego-defense mechanisms that protect the individual from anxiety, operate unconsciously, and distort reality and behavior. - Treatment: Helping the unconscious material become conscious. Processing it (catharsis) and strengthening the ego.

Answer 31

Psychodynamic model

Question 32

Disorders are the result of learning maladaptive behavior

Answer 32

behavioral model

Question 33

Behavioral model - Pairing of stimulus and response – explains the acquisition of phobias, unusual sexual attractions, and other extreme emotional reactions

Answer 33

classic conditioning paradigm

Question 34

bahavioral model - Voluntary behaviors are controlled by the consequences that follow them. So abnormal behaviors have be learned through reinforcement. Positive reinforcers: pleasurable feelings; lower anxiety Negative reinforcers: escape/ avoidance

Answer 34

operant conditioning paradigm

Question 35

- Behaviors are acquired by watching other people perform those behaviors - Modeling (vicarious conditioning): Learning by observing models and later imitating them - Exposure to disturbed models is likely to produce disturbed behaviors - Treatment: Learn and reinforce healthy behaviors. Utilizes modeling, systematic desensitization, reward charts, etc.

Answer 35

observational learning paradigm

Question 36

MALADAPTIVE OR DISTORIED THINKING PATTERNS CAUSE PROBLEM BEHAVIORS Unrealistic or extreme beliefs, unfairly negative beliefs – commonly found in anxiety disorders and depression. Treatment: Teach clients to examine and reframe unhelpful thought processes. In doing so, feelings and behaviors will also change.

Answer 36

cognitive model

Question 37

ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR RESULTS FROM DISHARMONY BETWEEN A PERSON'S POTENTIAL AND SELF-CONCEPT - Imposition of conditions of worth, transmitted via conditional positive regard, results in disharmony, or incongruence, between one’s potential and one’s self-concept Treatment: Person-centered therapy: Emphasizes therapeutic relationship with therapist rather than precise techniques. Expressing and communicating respect, understanding, and acceptance so client better values themself

Answer 37

humanistic model

Question 38

Healthy relationships are important for human development and functioning Parents, Family, Peers, Coworkers, Partner Emotional and physical impact from relationships - WHEN RELATIONSHIPS ARE DYSFUNCTIONAL OR ABSENT INDIVIDUALS MAY BE MORE PRONE TO MENTAL DISTURBANCES Treatment: Social skills and communication training, family education, connection to support groups

Answer 38

social model

Question 39

Being a member of a group that is MARGINLAIZED BY SOCIETY OFTEN LEADS TO DIFFICULTIES IN MULTIPLE AREAS, which puts a person at higher risk of developing a disorder - Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexual orientation, Religion, Socioeconomic status, Physical disability - Treatment: Acknowledgement and advocacy; connections to supportive groups or communities

Answer 39

SocioCULTURAL model:

Question 40

Integrative therapists are often called ____ – taking the strengths from each model and using them in combination. - Common combos: Cognitive-Behavioral Biological (Medication) with Psychological Cognitive with Social1`

Answer 40

eclecticq

Question 41

is defined as behavior that is atypical or statistically uncommon within a particular culture

Answer 41

Abnormal behavior