Acid Base

Question 1

Anion gap calculation

Answer 1

Anion gap = (Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

Question 2

What does cause acidosis without increased anion gap?

Answer 2

Respiratory or hyperchloremia (high Cl)

Examples: RTA (failure of bicarb buffer system), diarrhea (loss of intestinal bicarb)

Question 3

Five causes of increased anion gap

Answer 3

ketosis, lactic acidosis, acetaminophen toxicity, EG toxicity, renal failure

Question 4

Four causes of metabolic acidosis with NORMAL anion gap

Answer 4

diarrhea, vomiting, RTA, Addison’s

Question 5

What does cause acidosis with increased anion gap?

Answer 5

salicylates, ethylene glycol, lactic acidosis, CKD, DKA (caused by gain of acid)