Epidemiology > Adenovirus > Flashcards

Adenovirus Flashcards

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1
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Species Affected

A

Canidae & Ursidae (bears)

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2
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Most susceptible

A

3-6mo

>1yo - mild, subclinical

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3
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Spread

A

Secretions, faeces and saliva

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4
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Pathogenesis

A

PO/Conjuctiva-> tonsils, payer’s patches-> Ln->viraemia (lymphoid cells) -> Liver(hepatitis), Brain (encephalitis), Kidneys(glomerulonephritis), Eyes(uvietis), Endothelium damage, DIC

  • Type III hypersensitivity
  • Long-term carriage in kidneys
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5
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Primary Replication

A
  • Tonsils, Peyer’s Patches

* Incubation: 1-5 days

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6
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Target Organs

A

Vascular Epithelium->Haemorrhages

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7
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Clinical Signs

A

*Sudden death, fever, icterus, bloody diarrhea, mucosal haemorrhages, coagulation problems, seizures

  1. Peracute: Death within 1-2 days, non-specific clinical signs
  2. Acute : Fever over 40℃ for 3-5 days (may look like poisoning)
  3. Chronic: 1-2 weeks, oedema, convulsions, Uveitis (Blue eye
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8
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Pathology & Histopathology

A
  • Gall bladder oedema
  • Nuclear inclusion bodies (Cowdry A)
  • Hepatomegaly, hemorrhages, edema, yellowish
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9
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Diagnosis

A
  • Seropositivity can be due to immunization
  • Leukopenia
  • Elevated liver enzymes
  • Prolonged clotting time
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10
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Treatment

A 
Symptomatic Treatment:
• I.V. hydration
• Glucose
• Liver protective drugs
*Hyperimmune serum (in early)
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11
Q 
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) 
Rubarth Disease
Canine Infectious
Hepatitis 
Fox Encephalitis

Prevention & Immunity

A
  • Maternal immunity protects up to 3mo
  • cross protection with CDV-2
  • Inactivated CAD-1 vaccine
  • Attenuated CAdV-2 vaccine
  • 2-3mo, then yearly
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12
Q

Adenovirus

General Characteristics

A
  • dsDNA , Icosahedral , no envelope
  • Oncogene
  • Strong antigenicity - lifelong immunity
  • Highly resistant
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13
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2)
Canine Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Spread

A

Airborne, highly contagious

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14
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2)
Canine Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Pathogenesis

A

Inhalation —> Upper respiratory tract mucosa —> Rhinitis, Laryngitis, Tracheo-bronchitis, Bronchilitis

  • Usually no viraemia!
  • Shed in respiratory secretions
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15
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2)
Canine Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Primary Replication

A

Upper Respiratory Tract Mucosa

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16
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2)
Canine Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Clinical Signs

A
  • Alone, rarely cause clinical signs!

* Kennel Cough Syndrome in co-infection: Mild fever, nasal discharge, dry coughing, bronchopneumonia

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17
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2)
Canine Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Diagnosis

A

History, CS, virus isolation, serology

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18
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2)
Canine Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Treatment

A

Supportive treatment

  • Respiratory support
  • Ab
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19
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2)
Canine Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Prevention & Immunity

A
  • Avoid crowding

* Polyvalent vaccine from 2-3mo

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20
Q

Bovine Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis

Most susceptible

A

1-4 mo calf

overcrowding!

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21
Q

Bovine Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis

Spread

A

Faeces, respiratory discharges

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22
Q

Bovine Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis

Pathogenesis

A

PO/inhalational-> tonsils-> viraemia->respiratory& enteric mucosa
*Mild disease
*Co-infection:
BVD, IBR, PI-3, pasaturella

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23
Q

Bovine Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis

Target Organs

A

Respiratory & enteric mucosa

Mastadenovirus - replicates in kidneys
Atadenovirus - replicatesin testis

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24
Q

Bovine Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis

Clinical Signs

A
  • Alone - rarely induce any CS
  • In crowded conditions
  • Mild fever, nasal discharge and dry cough
  • Co-infection: Bronchopneumonia
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25
Bovine Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Diagnosis
History, CS, serolgy
26
Bovine Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Prevention & Immunity
Avoid crowding | Polyvalent vaccine 2-3mo
27
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Most susceptible
* 3-4 wo lambs * First Parity ewes * crowded fattening farms
28
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Spread
Faeces, respiratory discharges
29
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Pathogenesis
PO/inhalational-> tonsils-> viraemia-> respiratory& enteric mucosa
30
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Primary Replication
Tonsils | Incubation: 1-7d
31
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Target Organs
Respiratory & enteric mucosa
32
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Clinical Signs
* Mainly respiratory signs * Urolithiasis in ram * Haemorrhagic enteritic in OAdV-4 * co-infection * Adults are usually asymptomatic
33
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Pathology & Histopathology
* Intralobular interstitial pneumonia * Enteritis, osmotic diarrhea * Kidney tubular epithelial necrosis
34
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Diagnosis
PCR Serology Virus isolation
35
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Treatment
Symptomatic treatment | Ab
36
Sheep Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Prevention & Immunity
No vaccine! | Closed farming
37
Bovine Adenoviral Pneumoenteritis Pathology & Histopathology
* intralobular interstitial pneumonia * Enteritis, osmotic diarrhea * Kidney tubular epithelial necrosis
38
Equine AdenovirusDisease Most susceptible
foals
39
Equine AdenovirusDisease Spread
PO / Airborne
40
Equine AdenovirusDisease Clinical Signs
* Subclinical/mild respiratory disease: fever, coughing, nasal discharge * Secondary bacterial infection * Severe in immunocompromised animals
41
Equine Adenovirus Disease Diagnosis
Virus Isolation PCR Serology
42
Equine Adenovirus Disease Treatment
Usually not necessary | Self limitng infections!
43
Chicken Inclusion Body Hepatitis Species Affected
Broiler Chicken, Turkey, Pigeon, Goose
44
Chicken Inclusion Body Hepatitis Most susceptible
<30do
45
Chicken Inclusion Body Hepatitis Spread
* Direct contact & fomites | * Vertical transmission
46
Chicken Inclusion Body Hepatitis Pathogenesis
Germinative/PO —> Viraemia —> Gut, Liver, Kidneys —> Trachea
47
Chicken Inclusion Body Hepatitis Clinical Signs
*Frequently subclinical *Dec. egg production *Respiratory signs *Hepatitis *Tendosynovitis with reovirus + Anaemia&diarrhea 10% mortality (3-5d)
48
Chicken Inclusion Body Hepatitis Diagnosis
PCR | ELISA
49
Hepatitis - Hydropericardium Syndrome Species affected
Geese
50
Hepatitis - Hydropericardium Syndrome Most susceptible age
10-24do geese
51
Hepatitis - Hydropericardium Syndrome Spread
* Direct contact & fomites | * Vertical transmission
52
Hepatitis - HydropericardiumSyndrome Pathogenesis
Germinative/PO —> Viraemia —> Gut, Liver, Kidneys —> Trachea
53
Hepatitis - Hydropericardium Syndrome Clinical Signs
* Frequently subclinical * Dec. egg production * Respiratory signs * Hepatitis * Tendosynovitis with reovirus + sitting for 5-6 hours, weakening <6% mortality
54
Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Most Susceptible Species
Turkey
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Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Most Susceptible age
6-11wo
56
Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Spread
Direct contact
57
Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Pathogenesis
PO/Cloaca —> Enterocytes —> Viraemia-> Respirstory& enteric mucosa
58
Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Pathology
* Blood Vessel Damage | * Haemorrhages in spleen, liver, kidneys and lungs
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Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Primary Replication
Enterocytes
60
Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Target Organs
Blood Vessel Wall, Spleen
61
Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Clinical Signs
3 forms: 1. Subclinical 2. Mild 3. Sudden death * Co-infection may occur
62
Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Pathology & Histopathology
* Anaemia * Enteritis * Enlarged mottled spleen * Haemorrhages&fluid in body cavities
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Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Diagnosis
Virus isolation PCR ELISA
64
Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Treatment
Convalescent serum | Ab
65
Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Prevention & Immunity
Attenuated vaccine
66
Marble Spleen Disease Species Affected
Pheasants
67
Marble Spleen Disease Most susceptible age
3-8 mo
68
Marble Spleen Disease Target Organs
Spleen
69
Marble Spleen Disease Clinical Signs
Atypical clinical signs, no bloody diarrhoea
70
Marble Spleen Disease Pathology & Histopathology
Enlarged, mottled spleen
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Chicken Splenomegaly Most susceptible
Broiler Chicken
72
Chicken Splenomegaly Occurrence
USA
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Chicken Splenomegaly Target Organs
Liver, Spleen
74
Chicken Splenomegaly Pathology & Histopathology
Hyperplasia of liver and spleen
75
Egg Drop Syndrome Species Affected
Waterfowl, chicken, stork,quail, and duck
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Egg Drop Syndrome Most susceptible
All ages of layers
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Egg Drop Syndrome Occurrence
Worldwide Might spread with Marek’s Disease
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Egg Drop Syndrome Spread
* Quickly spread in contact with faeces | * Vertical transmission in egg/ on the shell
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Egg Drop Syndrome Pathogenesis
PO/Germinative Infection —>Viraemia —> Oviduct & Intestinal Mucosa Virus is shed with faeces
80
Egg Drop Syndrome Target Organs
Genital Tract & Intestinal Mucosa
81
Egg Drop Syndrome Clinical Signs
* Oedema in genital tract * Increased motility of the oviduct * Usually in peak egg production: 3-7w * Diarrhea, soft shelled, deformed eggs * Death is rare! * No hatching during clinical signs and 2 weeks afterwards
82
Egg Drop Syndrome Pathology & Histopathology
* Oedema in ovary, | * Oviduct inflammation, atrophy
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Egg Drop Syndrome Diagnosis
CS virus isolation PCR
84
Egg Drop Syndrome Treatment
No effective treatment!
85
Egg Drop Syndrome Prevention & Immunity
* Egg disinfection * Contact prevention * Inactivated vaccination before laying season
Epidemiology
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