amniotic fluid

Question 1

major function of amniotic fluid

Answer 1

protective cushion, allow fetal movement

Question 2

specimen collection

method of collection:
usually when collected:
volume:

Answer 2

amniocentesis
15-18 weeks
30 ml in syringe

Question 3

to assess genetic defects (chromosomal analysis)

Answer 3

2nd trimester amniocentesis

Question 4

for fetal maturity, fetal hemolytic disease

Answer 4

3rd trimester amniocentesis

Question 5

how many ml in amniocentesis is contaminated with blood, tissue fluid

Answer 5

2-3 ml

Question 6

quadruple screening test (pre amniocentesis)

Answer 6

alpha fetoprotein
human chorionic gonadotropin
unconjugated estriol
inhibin A

Question 7

hgc is prod by the______ of the placenta and peaks during the ____- trimester of the pregnancy

composed of 2 subunits:
________ = hcg, lh,fsh,tsh
________ = confers specificity for hcg

Answer 7

syncytriotrophoblast cells
1st
alpha
beta

Question 8

home based hcg test kit
principle:
specimen:
cut off point:
anti hcg source:

Answer 8

enzyme immunoassay
1st morning urine
25 mIU/ml
rabbit

Question 9

pregnancy test

false positive:
false negative:

Answer 9

proteinuria
diluted urine (low sg)

Question 10

hcg bioassays

hogben
animal used:
mode of injection:
positive res:

Answer 10

female frog
lymph sac (urine)
oogenesis

Question 11

hcg bioassays

gallu-mainini
animal used:
mode of injection:
positive res:

Answer 11

male frog
subcutaneous (urine/serum)
spermatogenesis

Question 12

test where samples are placed on ice in delivery, kept refrigerated or frozen
filtration prevents loss of phospholipids

Answer 12

test for fetal lung maturity

Question 13

test that is kept at room temp or at 37deg c

Answer 13

test for cytogenetics studies

Question 14

test that is protected from light

Answer 14

test for HDFN

Question 15

a membranous sac that surrounds the fetus

Answer 15

amnion

Question 16

ultimate source of amniotic fluid water and solutes

Answer 16

placenta

Question 17

amniotic fluid volume

_____ timester, approx 35 ml originates from maternal circulation

peak volume reaches ______ (3rd trimester)

Answer 17

1st
800-1200 ml

Question 18

amniotic fluid increases throughout _____ but decreases prior to _______

Answer 18

pregnancy
delivery

Question 19

fetal fluid is balanced thru

Answer 19

fetal urine prod
lung fluid sec
fetal swallowing

Question 20

polyhydramnios is ______ fetal fluid
(>1200ml)
oligohydramnios is ______ fetal fluid (<800 ml)

Answer 20

excess
decreased

Question 21

normal vagina ph
amniotic fluid ph

Answer 21

4.5-6
7.1 to 7.3

Question 22

test that detects ruptured amniotic membraes
also used to diag early preg (inc estrogen)

Answer 22

fern test

Question 23

fern test

specimen:
slide:
(+):

Answer 23

vaginal fluid
air dry
fern like crystal = amniotic fluid (rich in protein and sodium)

Question 24

normal color of AF

Answer 24

colorless

Question 25

color caused: traumatic tap abdominal trauma intra amniotic hemorrhage what is the test:

Answer 25

blood streaked kleihauer-Betke test

Question 26

color caused: prescence of hdfn (bilirubin)

Answer 26

yellow (amber)

Question 27

color caused: meconium (1st bowel movement)

Answer 27

green

Question 28

color caused: fetal death

Answer 28

dark red brown

Question 29

test for fetal agre _______mg/dl amniotic fluid creatinine = prior to 36 wks gestation ______ mg/dl amniotic fluid creatinine = 36 wks (9 moths)

Answer 29

1.5 to 2.0 >2.0

Question 30

most frequent complication of early delivery 7th most common occurs when surfactant prod is insufficient

Answer 30

respiratory distress syndrome

Question 31

reduces surface tension within the alveoli

Answer 31

surfactant (low if 34 wks lng)

Question 32

reference method for fetal lung maturity test

Answer 32

lecithin/sphingomyelin (l/s) ratio

Question 33

l/s ratio __________ for alveolar stability __________ serves as a control (due to constant prod) measured using:

Answer 33

lecithin sphingomyelin thin layer chromatography

Question 34

ratio of ___________ = mature fetal lungs note: cannot be done on a specimen contaminated with blood or meconium (false inc the ratio)

Answer 34

>/= 2.0

Question 35

immunologic test for phosphatidylglycerol (pg) not affected by blood or meconium prof of pg is delayed among diabetic mothers

Answer 35

amniostat -flm

Question 36

test for surfactant AF + 95% ethanol ---- shake for 15 secs ------ stand for 15 mins (+) foam/bubbles = mature fetal lungs

Answer 36

foam stability index

Question 37

is the friction experienced by a single particle undergoing diffusion because of its interaction with its environment at the micrometer length scale prescence of phopholipids decrease it mesured by fluorescence polarization s/a is measured dye to surfactant = longer flu / low pola dye to albumin = dec flu / high pola

Answer 37

microviscosity

Question 38

count particles that contains surfactant type 2 pneumocytes produces alveolar surfactants stores in the form of lamellar bodies impedance and/or optical scatter methods >32,000/ul lamellar body count = adequate flm

Answer 38

lamellar body count

Question 39

inc lamelar bodies = inc O.D (absorbance) >/= 0.150 is equivalent to l/s ration of 2 and the prescence of pg

Answer 39

OD 650 nm (optical density)

Question 40

different rh

Answer 40

hemolytic dse of the fetus and newbornn

Question 41

neural tube defects also known as split spine a birth defect where there is incomplete closing of the backbone and membranes around the spinal cord

Answer 41

spina bifida

Question 42

neural tube defects is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development

Answer 42

anencephaly

Question 43

neural tube defects screening test: inc in neural tube defects dec in down syndrome confirmatory test:

Answer 43

AFP acetylcholinesterase

Question 44

major prot prod by the fetal liver

Answer 44

AFP