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oppurtunistic Flashcards

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1
Q

these fungi are found worldwide in the environment and are often ass with decaying vegetation

A

oppurtunistic fungi

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2
Q

common environmental isolated ass with soil and plants.

contaminate: grains, breads, fruits
infections: lungs. sinuses, skin of immunocompromised

sig risk factor: diabetes

A

mucorales

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3
Q

recovered from the sinuses or other organs during disseminated dse.

worldwide, common environmental isolate.

A

Cunninghamella spp.

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4
Q

sporangiophores are erect, branching into several vesicles that bear sporangioles.

may be covered with long, fine spines.

rapidly growing and form a cottony colony

color: initially white but gray with age

A

Cunninghamella spp.

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5
Q

have a predilection for vascular invasion, causing thrombosis and necrosis of the tissue.

found in patient with poorly controlled diabetes.

infectious stage: conidia (inhaled)
where: sinuses - orbits - face - palate - brain

A

Lichtheimia spp.

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6
Q

infection from the sinuses - orbits - face - palate - brain

A

rhinocerebral mucormycosis (Lichtheimia spp.)

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7
Q

in Lichtheimia infection, other sites are noted in patient with cancers wherein cutaneous, subcu, and systemic dse occur (t/f)

A

true

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8
Q

hyphae are broad and ribbon like with few septations.

sporangiophores: erect, solitary or in groups (slightly branched)

sporangioSPORES: smooth and ovoid

internodal rhizoids are present

A

Lichtheimia spp.

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9
Q

colonies: wooly and grow rapidly, completely covering the culture medium

color: initially white, gray to gray-brown with age

A

Lichtheimia spp.

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10
Q

rhizoids are typical in mucorales but absent in ______

A

Mucor spp.

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11
Q

the sporangia frequently remain intact as opposed to rhizopus spp. in which typically collapse

A

Mucor spp.

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12
Q

colony: rapidly and cottony

color: dirty white that becomes mousy brown to gray with age

A

mucor spp.

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13
Q

most common mucorales causing human dse.

ass: poorly controlled diabetes, rhinocerebral mucormycosis

refractory to treatment and may be recovered from almost any source

A

Rhizopus spp.

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14
Q

rapidly growing

sporangioPHORES: terminating in dark sporangia and sporangioSPORES

sporangia: fragile, results in umbrella shaped structure at the end of the conidiophores

A

Rhizopus spp.

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15
Q

rarely implicated in human disease but has been documented in cutaneous infection

confused with aspergillus

A

Syncephalastrum

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16
Q

are among the most commonly encountered fungi in the clinical laboratory.

2nd after candida spp.

They are commonly found in cultures of respiratory secretions, skin scrapings, and other specimens.

A

aspergillus spp

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17
Q

most commonly seen aspergillus spp.

A

A, fumigatus

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18
Q

most frequent cause of disease in bone marrow transplant, in addition to other transplant recipients and those with cancer

A

Aspergillus spp

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19
Q

fungal elements are seen with fluorescent calcoflour white stain

pneumonia like symptoms

infections spread hematogenously and uncommon to find multiorgan system involvement (brain, heart, liver, bone)

A

aspergillus spp

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20
Q

trigger allergic reaction cause of sensitivities to molds

fungus ball in the lungs of AGRICULTURAL WORKES

chronic pulmonary ______ occur in px with STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TO THEIR LUNGS (tuberculosis and sarcoidosis)

A

aspergillus spp.

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21
Q

may be uniseriate or biseniate

A

aspergillus

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22
Q

whose phialides attach directly to the vesicle at the end of the conidiophore

A

uniseriate

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23
Q

posses a supporting structure called a metula that attach directly to the vesicle and attached to each of the metulae are phialides

A

biseriate

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24
Q

has an erect conidiophore arising from a foot cell within the vegetative hyphae

chains of conidia: aligned in very straight, parallel columns, or in a radiating pattern around the vesicle

conidia: smooth or rough

A

aspergillus

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25
colors: black to white include yellow, brown, green, gray, pink, beige, and tan. colonies of pathogens in this group: green to tan colored colonies some spp. form diffusible subsurface pigments on a variety of media
aspergillus spp.
26
test that aid in definitive identification at the species level of aspergillus
molecular and proteomic test
27
most aspergillus are suceptible to _________
cycloheximide
28
crucial diagnostic tool for aspergillus
cultivation
29
Rapidly growing mold (2-6 days) that produces a fluffy to granular, white to blue-green colony. Mature sporulating colonies most often have a BLUE GREEN, POWDERY APPREARANCE THERMOTOLERANT (up to 45 deg C)
Aspergillus fumigatus
30
A sterile cell below the phialides of some Aspergillus and Penicillium species.
metula (metulae)
31
Hyphae: Short or long conidiophores with a characteristic "foot cell" at their base. Long chains of small (2-3 mm in diameter), spherical, roughwalled, green conidia form a columnar mass on the vesicle.
A. fumigatus
32
Sometimes is recovered from immunocompromised patients and represents a common isolate in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
A. flavus
33
Culture: Rapidly growing species (2-6 days) that produces a YELLOW-GREEN colony.
Aspergillus flavus
34
Vesicles are globose, and phialides are produced directly from the vesicle surface (uniserate) or from a primary row of cells called metulae (biserate).
A. flavus
35
The phialides give rise to short chains of YELLOW-ORANGE elliptical conidia that become roughened on the surface with age.
A. flavus
36
Conidiophore: Coarsely roughened near the vesicle.
A. flavus
37
Commonly seen in the clinical laboratory but its association with clinical disease is somewhat limited this organism is a cause of fungus ball otitis externa.
Aspergillus niger
38
Mature colonies within 2 to 6 days. Growth begins initially as a YELLOW colony that soon develops a BLACK, dotted surface as conidia are produced. With AGE, the colony becomes JET BLACK and POWDERY. Reverse: BUFF or CREAM-colored.
Aspergillus niger
39
Hyphae: Long conidiophores supporting spherical vesicles giving rise to large metulae, and smaller chains of brown to black, rough walled conidia are produced. The entire surface of the vesicle is involved in sporulation.
Aspergillus niger
40
Is a significant cause of infection in immunocompromised patients. Innately resistant to Amphotericin B
Aspergillus terreus
41
Culture: TAN colonies that resemble cinnamon.
A. terreus
42
Vesicles are hemispherical, and phialides cover the entire surface and are produced from a primary row of metulae (biserate).
A. terreus
43
Phialides produce globose to elliptical conidia arranged in chains.
A. terreus
44
This species produces larger cells, aleuroconidia, which are found on submerged hyphae.
A. terreus
45
The most commonly isolated organism within this group. (Fusarium)
F. solani species complex
46
The second most common group responsible for human disease.
Fusarium oxysporum species complex
47
Grow rapidly, within 2 to 5 days, and are fluffy to cottony and may be PINK, PURPLE, YELLOW, GREEN, or other colors, depending on the species.
Fusarium spp.
48
Hyphae: Give rise to phialides producing either SINGLE-celled MICROCONIDIA, usually borne in GELATINOUS HEADSor large, multicelled MACROCONIDIA that are SICKLE- or BOAT-shaped and contain numerous septations commonly produce numerous chlamydoconidia.
fusarium spp
49
Is an uncommon cause of infection but has been shown to cause wound infections and oral thrush. It is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts.
Geotrichum candidum
50
WHITE to CREAM-colored, YEAST-like colony; some isolates may appear as WHITE, POWDERY MOLDS.
Geotrichum candidum
51
Hyphae: Septate and produce numerous RECTANGULAR to CYLINDRICAL to BARREL-shaped ARTHROCONIDIA.
Geotrichum candidum
52
Arthroconidia do not alternate but are continuous, in contrast to Coccidioides spp. Blastoconidia: Not produced.
Geotrichum candidum
53
Associated with disseminated infection, fungemia, subcutaneous lesions, and esophagitis.
Acremonium spp.
54
Rapid growing and also appear YEASTLIKE when initial growth is observed. Mature colonies become WHITE to GRAY to ROSE or REDDISH ORANGE.
Acremonium spp.
55
Microscopу: 1. Hyphae: produce single, UNBRANCHED , TUBELIKE phialides are observed.
Acremonium spp.
56
Phialides give rise to clusters of elliptical, single-celled conidia contained in a GELATINOUS CLUSTERS at the TIP of the PHIALIDE.
Acremonium spp.
57
Are among the most common organisms recovered by the clinical laboratory.
Penicillium spp.
58
Culture: GREEN or BLUE-GREEN, but PINK. WHITE, or other colors may be seen. The SURFACE of the colonies may be VELVETY to POWDERY because of the presence of CONIDIA.
Penicillium spp.
59
Hyphae: Brush-like conidiophores
Penicillium spp.
60
Conidiophores: Produce metulae from which FLASK-shaped PHIALIDES producing chains of CONIDIA arise.
Penicillium spp.
61
Appears to be the MOST pathogenic species and has been associated with ENDOPHTHALMITIS, CUTANEOUS infections, and ARTHRITIS.
Purpureocillium lilacinum
62
Culture: 1. Exhibits colonies that are considered lilac in color exhibiting shades of lavender to pink.
Purpureocillium lilacinum
63
previous name of Purpureocillium lilacinum
Paecilomyces lilacinus
64
Chlamydospores: Absent
Purpureocillium lilacinum
65
Has also been shown to be an important pathogen, causing endocarditis, fungemia, and invasive disease.
Paecilomyces variotii
66
VELVETY, TAN to OLIVE BROWN, and somewhat powdery. Phialides of Paecilomyces spp., are long, delicate, and tapering.
Paecilomyces variotii
67
targets antigens of Aspergillus spp., the most common source of invasive fungal infections caused by the hyaline septate molds.
Galactomannan assay
68
The assay may yjeld false-positive results due to cross-reactivity with other nonAspergillus molds, including Talaromyces marneffei, Histoplasma capsulatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Paecilomyces spp., and Alternaria spp.
Galactomannan assay
69
is designed to detect antigens common to all clinically important fungi. Beta-D-glucan can be detected in the serum of patients infected with systemic aspergillosis.
Beta D glucan assay
70
The predictive value is not specific to infections with Aspergillus spp.
Beta D glucan assay
71
are not commonly performed to detect or identify these fungi
nucleic acid amplification assays
72
for the identification of fungal isolates has the potential to provide quick and accurate species identification.
MALDI-TOF MS
73
are commonly present as normal biota of the mucosa, skin, and digestive tract, and they are also the MOST notorious agents of yeast infection. Clinical disease ranges from superficial skin infections to disseminated disease.
Candida spp.
74
currently reigns as the premier cause of yeast infection in the world.
Candida albicans
75
Inhabit the lungs fs of many mammals
Pneumocystis spp.
76
was originally classified with the protozoа, but nucleic acid sequencing showed conclusively that the organism is a fungus. is the species most commonly found in rats
Pneumocystis carinii
77
is the species most often recovered from humans
Pneumocystis jirovecii
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