Bacteriolgy > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

(21 cards)

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1
Q

Beta Lactams

Mechanism of action

A
  • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
  • stimulate autolysins which degrade peptidoglycan
  • bactericidal
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2
Q

Beta Lactams

Members

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Sublactams Carbapenems
Monobactams

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3
Q

Adverse effect of Beta Lactams

A

type 1 hypersensitivity

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4
Q

Beta Lactams

Resistance Mechanisms

A
  • beta lactamase production

- alteration in penicillin binding proteins

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5
Q

Beta Lactams

Synergism

A
  • use with aminoglycosides

- do not mix aminoglycosides with penicillin

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6
Q

Beta Lactams

Antagonists

A
  • tetracyclines
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7
Q

Tetracyclines

Mechanism of action

A
  • inhibit protein synthesis

- bacteriostatic

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8
Q

Tetracyclines

Resistance Mechanisms

A
  • ribosomal protection
  • energy dependent efflux
  • chemical modification and catalysis by enzymes
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9
Q

Tetracyclines

Notable facts

A
  • cross placental barrier
  • secreted in milk
  • antiimflammatory
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10
Q

Tetracyclines

Adverse effects

A
  • irritant
  • cardiovascular effects (IV in horses)
  • tooth discoloration
  • alteration of intestinal flora
  • nephrotoxicity
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11
Q

Aminoglycosides

Members

A

Gentamicin
Amikacin
Streptomycin
Neomycin

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12
Q

Aminoglycosides

Mechanism of action

A
  • inhibit protein synthesis

- bactericidal

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13
Q

Aminoglycosides

Notable facts

A
  • need parenteral administration
  • not good for anaerobe infection
  • does not penetrate blood brain barrier
  • nephrotoxicity
  • vestibular/ cochlear damage
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14
Q

Fluoroquinolones

Mechanism of action

A
  • inhibit DNA gyrase, replication

- bactericidal

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15
Q

Fluoroquinolones

Notable facts

A
  • synthetic
  • oral absorption
  • not effective against anerobes
  • synergism with beta lactams
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16
Q

Fluoroquinolones

Members

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A

Enrofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin

17
Q

Fluoroquinolones

Resistance Mechanisms

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A
  • modification or protection of target
  • decreased permeability
  • efflux pump
18
Q

Fluoroquinolones

Adverse effects

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A
  • articular cartilage degeneration in dogs
  • retinal degeneration in cats
  • tendon rupture in humans
  • canine toxic shock
19
Q

Macrolides

Members

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A

Erthromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

20
Q

Macrolides

Mechanism of action

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A
  • inhibit protein synthesis

- bacteriostatic

21
Q

Sulfa drugs

Facts

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A
  • oral absorption
  • broad spectrum
  • allergic reactions in dogs
  • resistance by impaired drug penetration
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