Bacteria

Question 1

Staphylococcus spp.

• morphology
• habitat
• general effects

Answer 1

• large, aerobic, catalase positive, Gram-positive cocci
• seen in clusters
• commensals of skin and exposed mucosa
• pus formation, abscess formation, and local necrosis

Question 2

Staphylococcus aureus

- infections caused

Answer 2

• pus and local necrosis
• skin and wound infections
• mastitis in cattle
• speticemia, osteomyelitis, breast blisters, and “bumble foot” in poultry
• toxic shock
• foodborne, nosocomial

Question 3

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

• host
• effect

Answer 3

• opportunistic pathogen of dogs
• most common isolate of dogs
• canine pyoderma

Question 4

Staphylococcus hyicus

- what does it cause

Answer 4

• greasy pig disease

Question 5

Streptococcus spp.

• morphology
• habitat

Answer 5

• aerobic, Gram positive, catalase negative cocci
• seen in chains
• commensals of mucous membranes

Question 6

Streptococcus equi

• disease caused
• effects

Answer 6

• strangles in horses
• abscess in regional lymph nodes
• upper respiratory tract infection

Question 7

Streptococcus agalactiae

• disease caused
• habitat

Answer 7

• mastitis in cows

- obligate parasite of mammary glands of cows

Question 8

Streptococcus equi
subspecies zooepidemicus
- what does it cause?

Answer 8

• the opportunist pathogen of horses and other species
• purulent infection in horses
• foal septicemia

Question 9

Streptococcus pyogenes

- disease caused

Answer 9

• Scarlet fever in humans

Question 10

Streptococcus canis

• host
• transmission

Answer 10

• kittens and puppies

- infection from vagina or umbilical vein

Question 11

Streptococcus porcinus

- what does it cause?

Answer 11

jowl abscess in pigs

Question 12

Streptococcus iniae

- what does it cause?

Answer 12

• acute fulminating septicemia in fish

Question 13

Streptococcus pneumonia

- what does it cause?

Answer 13

• pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis in humans

- pneumonia in guinea pigs and rodents

Question 14

Enterococci spp.

• habitat
• features

Answer 14

• normal intestinal flora
• low grade pathogens, true opportunists
• nosocomial
• vancomycin resistance

Question 15

Listeria spp.

• morphology
• transmission

Answer 15

• small, Gram positive, aerobic coccobacilli (rods)
• grow at wide range of temps
• shed in feces and milk

Question 16

Listeria monocytogenes

• transmission
• what does it cause?

Answer 16

• winter/spring disease of ruminants
• outbreaks after feeding poor quality silage
• ingestion or inhalation
• localize in brain stem, intestinal wall, and placenta
• encephalitis in ruminants, circling disease
• septicemia in monogastrics

Question 17

Erysipelothrix spp.

• morphology
• habitat

Answer 17

• aerobic, small, Gram positive rods

- in tonsils and intestines

Question 18

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

• hosts
• what does it cause?

Answer 18

• most common in pigs and birds
• diamond skin disease
• septicemia and skin lesions

Question 19

Bacillus spp.

- morphology

Answer 19

• large, aerobic, Gram positive rods

- endospore forming

Question 20

Bacillus anthracis

• histo appearance
• toxin
• diagnosis
• disease caused

Answer 20

• capsule that stains pink, made of polymers of D glutamic acid
• anthrax toxin with 3 proteins: edema factor, lethal factor, protective antigen
• do not conduct necropsy
• woolsorters in humans

Question 21

Cornyebacterium spp.

- morphology

Answer 21

• Gram positive, aerobic, pleomorphic rods

- contain mycolic acid in cell wall

Question 22

Cornyebacterium diphtheria

- what does it cause?

Answer 22

• cause of human childhood disease

- diphtheria toxin carried in bacteriophage

Question 23

Cornyebacterium pseudotuberculosis

• what does it cause?
• signs

Answer 23

• caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats
• lung and local lymph nodes
• weight loss
• Pigeon fever in horses

Question 24

Cornyebacterium renale

- what does it cause?

Answer 24

• contagious bovine pyelonephritis
• disease of adult cows
• trauma to bladder and urethra during parturition

Question 25

Cornyebacterium kutscheri - what does it cause? - signs

Answer 25

- pseudotuberculosis - suppurative pneumonia in lungs - arthritic lesions of pedal extremities - lymphoid hyperplasia

Question 26

Cornyebacterium bovis | - what does it cause?

Answer 26

Dermatitis, hyperkeratosis in mice

Question 27

Rhodococcus equi - morphology - main cause of what?

Answer 27

- mycolic acid in cell wall | - main cause of foal pneumonia

Question 28

Nocarida spp. - morphology - habitat

Answer 28

- Pleomorphic, Gram positive, non motile, aerobic, non-spore forming - in soil and water - not usually pathogenic for immunocompetent individuals

Question 29

Nocarida asteroides | - hosts

Answer 29

- most common isolate in dogs and cats

Question 30

Actinomyces spp. - morphology - habitat - what does it cause?

Answer 30

- branching filaments - slow growth, molar tooth like - mouth flora - chronic infections with mouth and bite injury

Question 31

Actinomyces bovis - what does it cause? - signs

Answer 31

- lumpy jaw | - bone infections, facial distortion, loose teeth

Question 32

Actinobaculum suis - habitat - transmission - what does it cause?

Answer 32

- anaerobic - commensal of prepuce of boars - sexually transmitted - death from renal failure

Question 33

Dermatophilus congolensis - morphology - histo appearance - pathogenesis

Answer 33

- aerobic, Gram positive - filamentous, branching - tram-track appearance - motile zoospores attracted to damaged skin

Question 34

Trueperella pyogenes - morphology - host - what does it cause?

Answer 34

- pleomorphic, aerobic - opportunistic pathogen of cattle - suppurative infections in cattle and swine - causes bacteremia

Question 35

Clostridium spp. - habitat - features

Answer 35

- in environment and large bowel - powerful toxin producer - rapid multiplication

Question 36

Which Clostridium spp are neurotoxic?

Answer 36

C. botulinum C. tetani C. perfringens

Question 37

Which Clostridium spp are histotoxic?

Answer 37

C. chauvaei C. septicum C. novyi C. perfringens

Question 38

Which Clostridium spp are enterotoxic?

Answer 38

C. perfringens | C. difficile

Question 39

Clostridium tetani - habitat - what does it cause?

Answer 39

- in soil and feces - grows in contaminated wounds - spastic paralysis - horse most susceptible

Question 40

Clostridium botulinum - pathogenesis - what does it cause?

Answer 40

- food intoxication - toxin absorbed into blood - inhibits neurotransmitter release - causes flaccid paralysis

Question 41

Clostridium chauvaei | - what does it cause?

Answer 41

- agent of black leg | - necrotizing myositis in healthy young calves

Question 42

Clostridium novyi | - 3 types, exo or endo, what they cause

Answer 42

Type A: exo, big head in rams, gasa gangrene Type B: endo, black disease Type C: endo, liver damage and bacillary hemoglobinuria

Question 43

Clostridum septicum | - what does it cause?

Answer 43

- malignant edema - through wounds or dormant spores in muscle - Braxy in sheep

Question 44

Clostridium perfringens - what does it cause? - two types and what they cause

Answer 44

- alpha toxin causes necrotizing hemorrhagic enteritis and enterotoxemia - Type C causes necrotizing enteritis in piglets - Type D causes enterotoxemia, pulpy kidney disease, overeating disease

Question 45

Clostridium difficile - target organs - what does it cause?

Answer 45

- affects colon and cecum - neonates are resistant - disease results from disruption of normal flora (dysbiosis) - fatal colitis

Question 46

Clostridium spiroforme | - what does it cause?

Answer 46

- commensal bacteria which produces iota toxin | - enterotoxemia and diarrhea in rabbits

Question 47

Clostridium piliforme - what does it cause? - staining

Answer 47

- Tyzzer's disease in lab animals - fatal diarrheal disease with focal lover necrosis - gram negative

Question 48

Fusobacterium necrophorum - morphology - hosts - what does it cause?

Answer 48

- anaerobic gram negative, non spore forming - important in ruminants and swine - liver abscess and foot rot