What new kinds of innovations became important on the silk road? (think of things that helped in the transport of goods)
Camel Caravans, Sakk, paper money.
How did the Silk Road impact people in India or the Middle East? What part did these groups have to play in Silk Road Trade?
India was the middleman of the silk road. They would buy chinese goods and sell them to roman traders. They built trading stations that were usually built on an oasis.
Trading stations along the silk road were usually built near what?
An Oasis
Who created a new banking system due to this trade?
Muslim money changers in Muslim empires. The set up this system to help facillitate trade. The offered letters of credit that could be used throughout the empire called “Sakk” (europeans called checks).
How did paper money get started? How did it figure into the trade?
Paper money got started in China during the Tang dynasty. The Song dynasty picked up on the idea. It was first used in Szechuan by area merchants. Chinese government took over printing money and mongls began using it in Iran in 1291. It was convienent for trade because people no longer had to carry around heavy sacks of coins.
Describe Kashgar
Kashgar-City in western China, near Tarim Basin, built in oasis, lots of springs and fertile lands, built at foot of pamirs mountains, major hub in silk road, northern and southern silk routes crossed here. Huge livestock market, Caravans would leave for central asia, india, and persia.
Samarkand
Samarkand- city in the southeastern area of present-day Uzbekistan, located on silk road, one of oldest largest cities in central asia, in oasis, known for craft production, destroyed by Gengis Khan, rebuilt by Tamerlane (Timur), became center for science, Several mosques and mausoleum were built here.
What event led to more trade with China along the Silk Road?
Fall of the roman empire
What were the Mongols originally?
A nomadic tribe (pastorlists)
What were the Mongols’ relations like with towns and villages?
The were very violent and invaded towns in villages on steepe. They would take them by force when they were tempted by their wealth.
How were the Mongols able to conquer cities so easily?
They would here the the Mongols were coming and were so terrified that they surrendered before the battle had even begun.
What were the positive/negative impacts that the Mongols had on the Silk Road trade?
Negative- Spread of plague
Postive- the way they constructed the states
How did the Mongols’ attempts to conquer Japan go?
They failed twice. The second time it did not go well for the Mongols because on day 54 of battle a Monsoon came and destroyed the Mongols fleet.
Explain how/why the Mongols’ developed bureaucracies.
The expansion of their empire
What did Timur do? How did it turn out?
He tried to rebuild the empire but failed to set up an efficient administration.
Describe the Swahili people. What was the unifying factor for them?
People who lived in cities along the East coast of Africa that thrived due to Indian Ocean trade. They did not share a culture but they did share a language, Swahili, which was a combination of arabic a Bantu.
What led to the downfall of Swahili trade?
Portuguese explorers looted Swahili cities and damaged Swahili trade.
What was the Caliphate of Malacca like?
It was a maritime choke point (important transportation route that was easily controlled). It was an independent Muslim state where local authorites controlled traffic. It was a safe area to travel and a significant center of trade. They taxed goods passing through.
What is a Diaspora community?
Community of people who left their homeland and formed new communities.
What allowed the Berber culture to flourish and spread?
Camels that made trade easier and helped the travel longer distances in the desert.
What religion was strongly tied to trade along northern Africa?
Islam
What did Mansa Musa do? What impact did he have on Mali?
He exercised royal control over the gold-salt trade, put down every rebellion, and expanded the empire. He built mosques in Timbuktu and Gao. Muslims travel to these mosques to see them and universities.
What led to the downfall of Mali?
Later emperors lacked ability to govern well and the gold trade had shifted back east.
How was Buddhism able to get from India to places like Korea and Japan?
Buddhist monks from India carried ideas along the silk road into China. It reached Korea from China and than reached Japan.
