What was the enlightenment? What kind of movement was it?
It was a philosophical movement where there was less focus on religion and they focused more on the rights to think freely and promoting education.
How did thinkers compare the enlightenment to the scientific revolution?
They thought that science could reveal human nature and saw themselves as the heir to scientific thinkers
Why would the enlightenment impact the power of the nobles? Of the Church?
The enlightenment would take power from the nobles and the church because the enlightment promoted secular governments and democracy.
What is “popular sovereignty”?
The people vote on who they want to represent them in the government.
What are some of the ways that the Enlightenment inspired America? Inspired France?
The ideas of self-governance, and the government should protect your natural rights. The Success of the Americans inspired the French to start their revolution.
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft and what did she promote?
She was an English writer who promoted Womens rights. She wrote “A Vindiction of the Rights of Women.”
What were the Three Estates?
The three levels of social hierarchy in pre-revolutionary france-The Clergy, The Nobles, and the Commoners.
Why were people upset with the government in France?
The first 2 estates would vote out the 3rd estate when making political decisions.
What was the Reign of Terror?
When Radicals led by Maximillian took over the government and executed anyone
How was Haiti inspired by the French Revolution? What was significant about their response?
They wanted the same freedoms that france had. It was the first Latin American colony to gain independence and the first successful slave revolt.
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Why does it start there and not somewhere else in Europe?
It began in England because it had the needed land, capital, labor, and other natural resources.
What are Cottage Industries?
Cottage Industries was when products were made from home and people were paid by the item completed.
What is the Enclosure Movement? What was its impact on the Industrial Revolution?
When Wealthy merchants would by large plots of land and then divide it up to rent to farmers. This led for more people to want to move to the city during the Industrial Revolution.
Explain the “Factors of Production”. Why are they important?
The Factors of Production are Land, Capital, and Labor. You need the land in order to get natural resources, you need the Capital in order to make other things, and you need the labor in order to work the machines and harvest the materials.
What are the main industries during the first Industrial Revolution? During the Second Industrial Revolution?
First- Textiles, coal mining, iron production, and steam engine manufacturing.
Second- steel, electricity, chemicals
What is the standard of living? How is it affected by the Industrial Revolution?
The Standard of living is the comfort and wealth of people in a community. This was negatively affected by the Industrial revolution because it caused dangerous work conditons and low pay.
How is the Middle Class impacted by the Industrial Revolution?
It caused the middle class to grow and gain a significant amount of political power.
Who is Adam Smith? Why is he important?
He was the father of modern economics. He wrote about capitalism and the old belief of mercantiltism. He also provided foundation of modern day economics.
Who is Laissez-Faire?
He came up with the theory of free market capitalism meaning he didn’t want them managed by the government. He thought that this could lead to wealth or great abuse of buisness owners.
What are the main ideas of capitalism?
Supply and demand. Minimal government interference. Individuals could make their own wealth.
What is Utilitarianism? Who came up with it?
And Idea by John Stuart Mill that you should do the greatest thing for the greatest number of people
What is socialism? How is it different from communism?
The idea that the government/society owns large companies/industries. It uses democratic processes.
What does Karl Marx claim the history of society is?
History class of warfare
What are labor unions?
Organizations of workers that advocated for the right to bargain with employers and put the resulting agreements in a contract.
