Approaches - Humanism

Question 1

the humanist approach

Answer 1

emphasizes the unique nature of human beings and their inherent drive towards growth, self-actualization and personal fulfillment

Question 2

free will (def)

Answer 2

the power to shape our own destiny and we are not bound by past experiences

Question 3

what is self actualisation?

Answer 3

refers to the process of realizing once four potential and becoming the best version of oneself Maslow believed it to be the Pinnacle of human development – but it can only be achieved once basic needs are met. it involves growth, self-awareness, creativity and the pursuit of personal goals

Question 4

maslow’s hierarchy of needs (1943)

Answer 4

  /self-actualisation 
 /self-esteem needs 
/social needs    /safety needs  /physiological needs  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Question 5

what parts of maslow’s hierarchy are in growth needs?

Answer 5

self-actualisation

Question 6

what parts of maslow’s hierarchy are in deficiency needs?

Answer 6

self esteem needs
social needs
safety needs
physiological needs

Question 7

what parts of maslow’s hierarchy are in basic needs?

Answer 7

safety needs and physiological needs

Question 8

what parts of maslow’s hierarchy are in psychological needs?

Answer 8

self-esteem needs and social needs

Question 9

what parts of maslow’s hierarchy are in self fulfilment needs?

Answer 9

self-actualisation

Question 10

according to maslow’s hierarchy (MH), what motivates our behaviour?

Answer 10

are primary goal is self-actualisation so we satisfy our basic needs to get there

Question 11

Kendrick et al (2010) up-dated MH with what?

Answer 11

        /parenting 
      /mate retention 
    /mate acquisition 
  /status/esteem 
/affiliation    /self-protection  /immediate physical needs

Question 12

deficiency needs

Answer 12

basic encyclological needs that must be satisfied to avoid feelings of discomfort or anxiety
must be met before you can pursue growth needs

Question 13

physiological needs

Answer 13

fundamental needs that must be met for the body to function properly
EG food, water, shelter, air, sleep, warmth and clothing

Question 14

safety needs

Answer 14

protection from physical harm and emotional security
EG personal safety, financial security, health and well-being

Question 15

social needs

Answer 15

the desire to form relationships to feel a sense of belonging
EG family, friends, romantic relationship and social connections

Question 16

self-esteem needs

Answer 16

Desire for self-respects and respect from others
E.G. self-confidence, status

Question 17

growth/self fulfilment needs

Answer 17

this can never diminish as it is a constant need to further develop and improve

Question 18

carl rogers (1953) focused on ….

Answer 18

the self

Question 19

the self is made of…

Answer 19

self-concept, ideal self and real self

Question 20

self concept

Answer 20

the view a person has of themselves

Question 21

self esteem

Answer 21

the value you place on yourself

Question 22

ideal self

Answer 22

the person we aspire to be

Question 23

congruence

Answer 23

the alignment between one self concept and ideal self
(Carl Rogers believe this was essential for self-actualization)

Question 24

incongruence

Answer 24

when there is a significant gap between one self-concept and ideal self

Question 25

conditions of worth

Answer 25

conditions imposed by others that individuals must meet to be valued EG a child may feel they need to achieve high grades to be loved by their parents this shapes the individual self-concept and often leads to incongruence if they feel they cannot live up to these expectations

Question 26

unconditional positive regard

Answer 26

individuals should be valued without conditions attached to their behavior or achievements – restoring congruence ↓Rogers supplied this and is therapy: PCT

Question 27

person (client) centered therapy (PCT)

Answer 27

focused on that client specifically and how they feel/ what they believe

Question 28

what are the concepts of PCT?

Answer 28

empathy, UCPR, genuineness

Question 29

why do humanists reject the scientific approach?

Answer 29

a person subjective experience and understanding of the world is more important to understanding the person then objective reality each person is a rational, conscious being each person has free will humans should be viewed as a whole and not reduced to component parts human strive towards achieving self-actualization and unique ways

Question 30

strengths of humanism

Answer 30

holistic (looks at every aspect) influential to counselling emphasizes free will idiographic approach (focus on subjective experience)

Question 31

limitations of humanism

Answer 31

limited application due to abstract concepts not empirical as it rejects scientific principles less applicable in collectivist cultures qualitative techniques and ideographic approach mean general laws of behavior can't be made MH was made in 1943 so is outdated HOWEVER Kendricks updated it