Aqueous

Question 1

complex ion

Answer 1

A complex ion consists of a central metal cation surrounded by Ligands.

Note that square brackets show that this is a complex, the metal comes first then the ligand.

Question 2

ligand

Answer 2

A ligand is a molecule or ion that forms a dative bond with the central metal cation.

Question 3

Co-ordination number

Answer 3

Co-ordination number is the number of Co-ordidate bonds that are formed between the cation and the ligands.

Question 4

Naming complex ions

Answer 4

Question 5

Formation of aqua complex ions

Answer 5

Question 6

Ligand substitution reactions

Answer 6

In these reactions water is replaced by another ligand.

When a ionic substance dissolves in water, water molecules are attracted to the cations and hydrated ions are formed. In order to form complexes that contain different ligands other solutions have to be added that contain the desired ligand.
Eg excess ammonia for NH3 complexes Eg conc. HCl for Cl complexes

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

not brown / straw just straw

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

just yellow not yellow / brown

Question 12

Characteristics of ligand substitution reactions

Answer 12

Question 13

Effect of ligand substitution being a stepwise process on reaction between nh3 and Cu[H2O]6

Answer 13

Question 14

Why does coordination number change from 6 to 4 when ligand changes from H2O to Cl- and what about NH3

Answer 14

Cl- is larger than H2O so less of them can fit around central molecule so coordination number is less.
NH3 is similar in size to H2O so coordination number is same.

Question 15

Effect of ligand substitution being a stepwise process on reaction between nh3 and Cu[H2O]6

Answer 15

This process stops after the 4th sub as equilibrium shifts to left after that

Question 16

Chelates

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

EDTA and ligand displacement reactions

Answer 18

Question 19

Hydrolysis reaction example with ph

Answer 19

Question 20

How acid strength changes as metal charge changes in hydrolysis

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

What happens when NaOH is added to Fe(H2O)6 - intiatal excess and standing in air

Answer 22

Question 23

What ha-pens when NaOH is added to Al(H2O)6 and how does al(H2O)3(OH)3 act as an acid or base

Answer 23

-

Question 24

colour of

Answer 24

brown

Question 25

colour of

Answer 25

pale green

Question 26

Answer 26

Orange

Question 27

reaction of aqueous metal complexes with bases and excess OH-

Answer 27

Question 28

Reactions of Aqueous Metal Complexes with Carbonate ions - Complexes containing M 2+ ions

Answer 28

Question 29

Reactions of Aqueous Metal Complexes with Carbonate ions - Complexes containing M 3+ ions

Answer 29

Question 30

reaction of aqueous metal complexes with carbonates

Answer 30

Question 31

[Cu(H20)4(OH)2] reaction with excess NH3

Answer 31

Question 32

reaction of aqueous metal complexes with bases and excess NH3

Answer 32

Question 33

reaction of aqueous metal complexes with HCl

Answer 33