TRT STUDYING > articulations > Flashcards

articulations Flashcards

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1
Q

what kind of tissue forms articulations (joints or arthroses)

A

flexible connective tissue

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2
Q

what are the two types of joint classifications

A

functionality and strucurally

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3
Q

what are the 3 functional classifications

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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4
Q

what does synarthrosis mean

A

immovable

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5
Q

what does amphiarthrosis mean

A

slightly moveable

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6
Q

what does diarthrosis mean

A

freely moveable

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7
Q

what are the 3 structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous joints
cartilagenous joints
synovial joints

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8
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of fibrous joints

A

no synovial cavity
bones held together by dense conn tiss
strongest joints in the body

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9
Q

what are the strongest joints in the body

A

fibrous joints

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10
Q

what are the 2 characteristics of cartilagenous joints

A

no synovial cavity
bones held together by cartilage

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11
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of synovial joints

A

have a synovial cavity
bones held together by dense conntiss
often have accessory ligaments

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12
Q

what is a syndesmosis and where is it found

A

fibrous
slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis)
distal tib/fib

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13
Q

what and where is a suture

A

immovable in adults (synarthrosis)
only in the skull

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14
Q

what and where is a gomphosis

A

synarthrosis (in healthy gums)
periodontal ligaments hold the roots of the teeth

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15
Q

what and where is an interosseous membrane

A

sheet of dense connective tissue
found between tib/fib and radius/ulna

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16
Q

what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

symphysis
synchondrosis

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17
Q

what is a symphysis

A

joints have fibrocartilaginous disc
for strength and shock absorbency
slightly moveable

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18
Q

where are symphysis? (3)

A

pubic symohysis
intervertebral joints
joint between manubrium and body of the sternum

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19
Q

what is a synchondrosis

A

immovable cartilaginous jointw

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20
Q

where are synchondroses found

A

temporarily in epiphyseal plates
articulations between the first rib and sternum

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21
Q

what is an articular capsule

A

surrounds all synovial joints and joints bones together

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22
Q

what is the outer layer of the articular capsule

A

the fibrous capsule, connects the capsule to the periosteum of the bone

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23
Q

what is the inner layer of the articular capsule

A

the synovial membrane
which produces synovial fluid

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24
Q

what is synovial fluid

A

viscous, clear fluid (like egg whites)
contains hyaluronic acid and fluid filtered from plasma

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25
what are the functions (5) of synovial fluid
- lubricate joints and reduces friction - absorbs shock - supplies O2 and nutrients to chrondocytes - removes waste and CO2 from chrondocytes - removes debris from joint
26
what are the 4 types of ligaments
extrascapular ligaments intrascapular ligaments mesisci labrum
27
what are the extra scapular ligaments
MCL and LCL
28
what is the LCL
extra scapular ligaments from the medial epicondyle of femur to the fibular head
29
what is the MCL
extra scapular ligaments from the medial epicondyle of femur to the proximal condyle of the tibia
30
what are intrascapular ligaments
within the capsule but excluded from the synovial cavity (covered by fold of synovial membrane)
31
what are 2 intrascapular ligaments
ACL and PCL
32
where is the ACL
anterior cruciate ligament connects the femur to the tibia
33
what is the PCL
posterior cruciate ligament connects posterior tibial to lateral part of medial femoral condyle
34
where is the menisci
in the knoee
35
where are the labrum?
in shoulder and hip joints
36
what are bursae
strategically placed fluid filled sacs to cushion movement between x and bone, and reduce friction in joints
37
what are the 6 types of synovial joints
gliding (plane) hinge pivot condyloid (ellipsoid) saddle ball and socket
38
what are gliding (plane) joints
articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curved
39
what are the gliding joints in the body (6)
intercarpal bones intertarsal bones SC and AC joints sternocostal joints (2-7) costovertebral joints
40
what are hinge joints
when the convex surface of onebone fits into the concave part of another
41
what types of movement to hinge joints permit
flexion and extension only
42
what are the hinge joints in the body? (4)
knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints
43
what are pivot joints
rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed by a bone and ligament
44
what type of movement do pivot joints alow
allow rotation only
45
what are the pivot joints in the body
atlanto-axial joint radioulnar joints
46
what are condyloid joints
convex projection of one bone fits into an oval depression in the other
47
what time of movement do condyloid joints allow
biaxial flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
48
what are the condyloid joints of the body (2)
radiocarpal joints, MCP's (2-5)
49
what is a saddle joint
one bone is saddle shaped and the other sits in it
50
what type of movement do saddle joints allow
flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
51
what is a saddle joint in the body
1st CMC joint
52
what is a ball and socket joint?
head of one bone fits into a cup-like depression in the other
53
what are the 3 ball and socket joints
shoulder, hip, talonavicular joints
54
along what plane is most of the movement from flexion and extension
sagittal planefle
55
flexion (inc or dec) the angle between articulating bones
increases
56
abduction is _____ to the midline
AWAY from
57
adduction is _____ to the midline
TOWARDS
58
which plane is abduction/adduction generally along
the coronal plane
59
what is circumduction
movement of the distal bone in a circle
60
what is rotation
bone revolves around its own axis
61
name the opposite - elevation
depression
62
name the opposite -protraction
retraction
63
name the opposite - inversion
eversion
64
name the opposite - dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
65
name the opposite - supination
pronation
66
what is the shoulder joint? what type is it?
glenohumeral joint, ball and socket
67
which joint has the greatest degree of movement
the glenohumeral joint
68
what number of ligaments, labrum, and bursae stabilize the shoulder?
3 ligaments 1 labrum 4 bursae
69
what ligaments stabilize the shoulder
coracohumeral glenohumeral transverse humeral
70
what provides the most stability to the shoulder
the rotator cuff muscles
71
what are the rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
72
what ligaments make up the AC joint
acromioclavicular coracoacromial coracoclavicular
73
what are the two major articulations that make up the hinge joint of the elbow
head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of humerus trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus
74
what articulation makes up the pivot joint in the elbow
radial head articulates with the radial notch of the ulna
75
what are the ligaments in the elbow joint
ulnar collateral ligament radial collateral ligament annular ligament
76
where does the ulnar collateral ligament go?
medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon
77
where does the radial collateral ligament go
lateral epicondyles to annular ligament and radial notch of ulna
78
what is the annular ligament
strong band that encircles the radial head holds the radial head to the radial notch
79
what makes the hip joint so stable (5)
very strong articular capsule accessory ligaments surrounding uscles deep socket (acetabulum) labrum
80
what are the accessory ligaments of the knee (5)
ileofemoral pubofemoral ischiofemoral ligamentum teres transverse ligament of acetabelum
81
what makes up the knee joint
3 joints and 1 synovial cavity lateral tibiofemoral medial tibiofemoral patellofemoral
82
what are the ligaments of the knee joint
ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL
83
what does the ACL do
prevents the femur from sliding posterior to tibia limits hyperextension of the knee
84
what does the PCL do
prevents the tibia from sliding posteriorly to the femur when knee is flexed
85
what do the meniscie do?
help compensate for the irregular shaped of the femur and tibia
86
what are the 2 menisci, and what shape are they
medial - C shaped lateral - nearly circular
87
what kind of joint is the ankle
a hinge joint, that allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
88
what are the medial ligaments of the ankle joint
deltoid
89
what are the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint
anterior talofibular calcaneal fibular posterior talofibular
90
what are the 4 parts of the deltoid (medial) ligament
posterior tibiotalar tibiocalcaneal tibionavicular anterior tibiotalar
91
what type of joints are vertebral discs?
cartalaginous joints (symphysis)
92
what are vertebral discs desgined for
weight-bearing
93
what are the 2 parts of vertebral discs
annulus fibrosus nucleus pulposus
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