cranium Flashcards by Melanie B

what are the 6 components of the axial skeleton

skull bones
auditory ossicles
hyoid bone
ribs
sternum
bones of vertebral column

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how many cranial bones do we have

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how many facial bones do we have

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what is the purpose of the cranial bones

to enclose and protects the brain

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what makes up the calvaria

1 frontal
1 occipital
2 parietal
2 outer plates of compact bone

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what does calvaria mean

skull cap

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what makes up the floor or base of the skull

1 ethmoid
1 sthenoid
1 occipital
1 frontal
2 temporal

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what are the 2 division of the cranium

calvaria (skull cap) and the floor or base

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what types of bones make up the calvaria

flat bones

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what is contained by the bones of the calvaria

inner layer of spongy bone and red marrow, called diploe

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what is diploe

the inner layer of spongy bone in the calvaria flat bones

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what do we call the very top of the skull

the vertex

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what are the internal regions of the skull (3)

anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior fossa

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what bones make up the anterior cranial fossa

frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid

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what bones make up the middle cranial fossa

temporal
sphenoid

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what bones make up the posterior cranial fossa

occipital

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what sits in the A cranial fossa

the frontal lobe of cerebrum

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what sits in the M cranial fossa

the temporal lobe of the cerebrum

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what sits in the P cranial fossa

the cerebellum

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what is the purpose of the cerebellum

balance and coordination

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what is the vertical part of the frontal bone

frontal squama

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what does the frontal squama contain

the frontal sinuses

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what is the horizontal part of the frontal bone

the orbital plates

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what are the orbital plates

form a big portion of the anterior cranial fossa

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what do the orbital plates tell us

if there's any TILT on a lateral skull projection

what are the 5 important landmarks of the frontal bone

frontal eminences supraorbital margins superciliary ridges supraorbital foramina glabella

what can you (visually) align to ensure no tilt

IPL inter pupillary line

what are the superciliary arches

ridges where your eyebrows are

what is the glabella

superior to where the eyebrows come together (bullet point) (right above nasion)

what is the nasion

right where your nose ends at your forehead (inferior to glabella)

what are the 5 frontal articulations

parietals (L/R) sphenoid ethmoid nasal bones zygoma

what is the widest part of the skull

the distance between the parietal eminences

what does the parietal bone articulate with (5)

frontal temporal occipital sphenoid opposite parietal bone

where is the occipital bone

posteroinferior part of the skull

what forms most of the floor of the posterior cranial fossa

the occipital bone

what specific parts of the skull combine with C1 to form the atlantaloccipital joint

occipital condyles (NOT just occipital bone)

what happens when there is too much swelling in the brain

the brain stem herniates down through the foramen magnum

what are the nuchal lines

muscle attachment sites

what is the external occipital protuberance

the inion

what nerve passes through the foramen magnum

the 12th cranial nerve

what drains venous blood from the brain?

internal jugular vein

what parts of the skull do the temporal bones form

inferolateral portions of the skull

what are the main 4 parts of the temporal bones

squamous portion tympanic portion petrous ridges or pyramids mastoid process

what is the opening of your ear called

external auditory meatus (EAM)

what is the line (for attachment) on the temporal bone

""zygomatic process of the temporal bone""

what forms the TM joint

the condyle of mandible and the mandibular fossa (underside of zygomatic process of temporal)

what makes up the zygomatic arch

the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

what is on the underside of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

mandibular fossa

where is the styloid process of the temporal bone

on the very inferior part

what vertebral level is associated with the tip of the mastoid process

what do mastoid air cells do

communicate with space in the middle ear (**vary incredibly between people)

what do the petrous ridges contain

interior auditory canal cochlea

what is the thickest, densest portion (bone) in the skull

the petrous ridges of the temporal bones

what is a landmark for the petrous ridges are

TEA top of ear attachment

which is the "average" skull tyoe

mesocephalic 47 degrees

what are the 3 skull types

mesocephalic brachycephalic dolichocephalic

brachycephalic skull type angle

54 degrees

what is the angle being measured for the different skull types

from the cranial midline to the petrous ridges

dolichocephalic skull type angle

40 degrees

what is the image where the petrous ridges are in the lower third of the orbits

caldwell

what is the image where the petrous ridges are by the top of the orbits

ruggle

what are the important foramina of the temporal bone (5)

carotid canal jugular foramen foramen lacerum EAM internal auditory canal

what is A

petrous portion of the temporal bone

what travels through the carotid canal

the INTERNAL carotid artery

what is E

jugular foramen

what is C

carotid canal

what is B

foramen lacerum

what is D

EAM (external auditory meatus)

what is the keystone bone of the cranial floor ? why?

sphenoid because it articulate with all the other bones

what is F

foramen magnum

what does the sphenoid consist of

1 body 2 lesser wings 2 greater wings 2 perygoid processes

what does the body of the sphenoid contain (2)

2 sphenoid sinuses sella turcica

how do you landmark the sella turcica on a lateral skull projection

1.9cm anterior and 1.9cm superior to the EAM

what is the sella turcica

encases the pituitary gland

what is the name for the posterior border of the sella turcica

dorsum sellae

what is the name of the anterior border of the sella turcica

tuberculum sellae

what are the 2 main parts of the dorsum sellae

posterior clinoid processes (top borders) clivus

are the anterior clinoid processes part of the sella turcica

NO!! they are part of the lesser wings

what sits against the clivus

the pons

compare the lesser to greater wings

smaller and more superior than the greater wings

what do the lesser wings form

posteromedial portion of the orbits

what foramen is part of the lesser wings

optic foramen (is a canal)

what do the greater wings of the sphenoid form

posterolateral walls of the orbits

what are the 3 foramen of the greater wings

foramen ovale foramen rotundum foramen spinosum

what is B

foramen spinosum

what passes through the superior orbital fissures

cranial nerves 3, 4, 6

what is A

foramen ovale

what is the yellow

superior orbital fssure

what is the blue

greater wing of the sphenoid

what is the red

the lesser wings of the sphenoid

what is this what forms it

the innominate line or lateral part of the greater wing (edge of the greater wing of the sphenoid)

what do the pterygoid processes form

the posterolateral region of the nasal cavity

what 4 things make up the ethmoid

cribriform plate Crista galli perpendicular plate lateral masses

what is in red (lateral)

lesser wing (from side)

what is in green (lateral)

sella turcica

what is the ethmoid mainly associated with

the nasal cavity

what does the cribriform plate contain

the olfactory foramina

what is the Crista galli for

attachment for the falx cerebri

what is the falx cerebri

membrane that separates the two hemispheres of the brain (part of the dura mater)

what do the perpendicular plates form

the SUPERIOR part of the bony nasal septum

does the ethmoid have a body

no, just lateral masses

do the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone form the inferior nasal conchae?

no, it is its own facial bone

what do the lateral masses of the ethmoid contain

ethmoid sinuses

what do the lateral masses of the ethmoid form

form the superior and middle nasal conchae

what are the 4 skull sutures

coronal suture sagittal suture lambodial suture squamosal suture

what type of joints are skull sutures (in an adult)

fibrous, synarthrodial

where is the sagittal suture

superior midline between the parietal bones

what are the 4 important landmarks for the sutures

bregma lambda pterions asterions

where is the squamosal suture

lateral part of the skull between the parietal and the temporal bones

what is the bregma

the anterior end of the sagittal suture

where is the coronal suture

between the frontal and parietal bones

where is the lambdoidal suture

posterior between the parietal and temporal bones

what is the lambda

posterior end of the sagittal suture

what are the pterions

(R/L) junction of the parietal, temporal, and greater wing of sphenoid

what are the asterions

(R/L) posterior to the ear where the squamosal and lambdoidal sutures meet

what are the pterions a landmark for

middle meningeal artery

what are the sutures in newborns

fontanels (anterior, posterior, anterolateral, posterolateral)

dark blue

ethmoid

orange

sphenoid

cranium Flashcards

(119 cards)