TRT STUDYING > upper extremity > Flashcards

upper extremity Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 4 most anterior carpal bones

A

hamate and pisisform (ulnar)
trapezium and scaphoid (radial)

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2
Q

what forms the bottom portion of the carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

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3
Q

what is the carpal tunnel

A

the passageway created between the carpal sulcus and flexor retinaculum

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4
Q

what passes through the carpal tunnel

A

median nerve and flexor tendons

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5
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

a lot of repetitive movement causing the flexor tendons get irritated, pinching the median nerve

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6
Q

what fracture could a carpal tunnel view be used to see

A

injury to the hook of the hamate

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7
Q

why is the radiocarpal joint not generally open

A

volar tilt of 11 deg

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8
Q

what is used to show an open radiocarpal joint

A

tube tilt of 11 deg cephalad

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9
Q

what is a colles fracture

A

an injury to the radial head causing it to pop posteriorly
associated with FOOSH

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10
Q

what ligament joints the scaphoid and lunate

A

the scapholunate

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11
Q

how is a scapholunate injury shown

A

get the patient to squeeze a syringe as hard as they can and take an PA, where the scaphoid and lunate will show up very separated

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12
Q

what incident is a scapholunate injury associated with

A

FOOSH

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13
Q

what is the most distal art of the forearm

A

the styloid process of the radius

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14
Q

what is the most proximal part of the forearm

A

the olecranon process

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15
Q

what joint does the radial head articulate with

A

distal radioulnar joint

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16
Q

where is the radial tuberosity

A

distal to the neck on the anteromedial side

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17
Q

what is the radial tuberosity for

A

attachment for the biceps muscle

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18
Q

what 2 things are at the distal end of the radius

A

the radial styloid process and the ulnar notch

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19
Q

how are notches named

A

they are named after the bone they articulate with

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20
Q

what two bones make up the notch at the proximal end of the ulna

A

olecranon process and coronoid process

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21
Q

what 2 notches are on the proximal end of the ulna

A

trochlear notch (olecranon and coronoid processes)
radial notch

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22
Q

what is the ulnar tuberosity for

A

it is the insertion of the brachialias (elbow flexor)

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23
Q

which end is the head of the ulna at

A

the distal end

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24
Q

what is on the posterior side of the head of the ulna

A

ulnar styloid process

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25
what is the proximal radioulnar joint (IMP)
the radial head articulates with the radial notch of the proximal ulna
26
what is the interosseous membrane
a fibrous joint amphiarthrosis
27
what is the DRUJ
distal radioulnar joint
28
what is the distal radioulnar joint
ulnar head articulates with the ulnar notch of the distal radius
29
why do we care so much about the P/D radioulnar joints
they allow pronation and supination
30
what can you use to show a DRUJ
squeezing a syringe and it HURTS
31
which neck is immediately adjacent to the head of the humerus
anatomical neck
32
what tuberosities are on the proximal end of the humerus
greater and lesser tuberosities
33
which groove is in the proximal humerus
the bicipital groove
34
what is another word for the bicipital groove
the intertubercular groove
35
which neck is more distal
the surgical neck
36
what is at the very distal end of the humerus
the trochlea and capitulum
37
what fossae are at the distal end of the humerus
the coronoid fossa, the olecranon fossa the radial fossa
38
which humeral neck is thicker
the anatomical neck
39
which humeral neck is more likely to fracture
the surgical neck (because it is so much thinner)
40
what epicondyles are a part of the humerus
the medial and lateral epicondyles
41
why is the intertubercular groove also called the bicipital groove
because the biceps tendon runs right through it
42
what is shown very well in anatomical position of the humerus (AP with external rotation)
the greater tuberosity in profile on the lateral side
43
what is shown very well in an AP with internal rotation of the humerus
the lesser tuberosity is in profile on the medial side
44
how does the humeral head appear in an AP neutral view and why
very very round because neither the greater or lesser tuberosities are in profile
45
which depression on the anterior humerus is medial
the trochlea
46
which depression on the anterior humerus is lateral
the capitulum
47
what fossae are on the anterior side of the distal humerus
the radial and coronoid fossa
48
when does the radial head articulate with the radial fossa
only during acute flexion
49
what groove is between the medial epicondyle and trochlea and what does it contain
the ulnar groove, containing the ulnar nerve
50
what are the condyles of the humerus
the trochlea and capitulum
51
what type of joint is the elbow
a hinge joint
52
what 3 fat pads are in the elbow joint
posterior, anterior and supinator fat pads
53
which fat pads is tear drop shaped, and is normally seen in an image
the anterior fat pad
54
what are the fat pad indicators of a fracture
seeing posterior fat pad at all displacement of the anterior fat pad
55
what is the sail sign in an elbow x-ray
when the anterior fat pad gets pushed away out and appears in a triangle like the sail of a boat
56
what does the shoulder girdle include
the clavicle and the scapula
57
why is the clavicle s-shaped
for strength
58
what is the SC joint and what is involved
the sternoclavicular joint sternal end articulates with the manubrium
59
what part of the clavicle SPECIFICALLY articulates with the manubrium
ONLY the inferior HALF
60
what is the AC joint and what forms it
acromial end of clavicle articulates with the acromion of scapula
61
where is the coronoid tubercle
inferior and posterior on the lateral side of the clavicle
62
which ribs are the scapulae between
ribs 2-7
63
what angle does the scapula sit on
roughly 45-60 deg
64
what are the 3 borders of the scapula
superior, medial, lateral
65
what are the 3 angle of the scapula
superior, inferior, lateral
66
which is the thickest part of the scapula
the lateral angle
67
what parts are on the anterior surface of the scapula
the subscapular fossa and the coronoid process
68
where is the subscapular fossa
anterior surface of the scapula
69
what parts are on the posterior scapula
the scapular spine, the supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa
70
the spine of the scapula ends in what
the acromion
71
what is the only way to tell if a y-scap is AP or PA?
arm direction AP - in front of body PA - out from body
72
what are the wrist bones?
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
73
which wrist bones are a part of the proximal row?
scaphoid, lunate, Triquetrium, pisiform
74
which wrist bone in the proximal row is the most lateral?
scaphoid
75
which wrist bone in the proximal row is the most medial?
pisiform
76
which wrist bone in the distal row is the most lateral?
hamate
77
which wrist bone in the distal row is the most lateral?
trapezium
78
what is directly below the anatomical snuff box?
the scaphoid
79
what kind of blood flow supplies the proximal scaphoid
retrograde bloodflow
80
what kind of joint is the interphalangeal
hinge
81
what kind of joint is the metacarpophalangeal
condyloid
82
what kind of joint is the 1st digit carpometacarpal joint
saddle
83
what kind of joint is the 2-5 carpometacarpal joints
gliding
84
what kind of joint is the intercarpal
gliding
85
what kind of joint is the radiocarpal
condyloid
86
what are good indicators of an elbow fracture
seeing the posterior fat pad or displacement of the anterior fat pad
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