1
Q
what are the 26 bones of the foot? (distribution)
A
14 phalanges
5 metatarsals
7 tarsal bones
2
Q
what are the divisions of the foot?
A
forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot
3
Q
what bones are a part of the forefoot?
A
toes and metatarsals
4
Q
what bones are a part of the midfoot?
A
cuneiforms, navicular, and cuboid
5
Q
what bones are a part of the hindfoot?
A
calcaneous and talus
6
Q
what are the 3 cuneiforms
A
medial, middle, lateral
7
Q
what is another word for calcaneous
A
os calcis
8
Q
what is the hallux
A
the great toe
9
Q
what is different about the hallux
A
it has 2 sesamoids posterior to the head of the metatarsal, separated by a ridge of bone
10
Q
why is the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal significant
A
very common place to fracture
11
Q
what is on the base of the fifth metatarsal
A
the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
12
Q
what is a Jones’ fracture
A
twist injury
tendon pulls a small portion of the fifth metatarsal off
regularly causing avascular mecrosis
13
Q
what is the most superior tarsal bone
A
the talus
14
Q
what does the talus articulate with? (4)
A
tibia, fibula, calcaneous, navicular
15
Q
what makes the talus a ball and socket joint
A
the head that articulates with navicular
16
Q
what part of the talus articulates with the tibia and fibula
A
talar domes
17
Q
what is the sulcus tali and where is it
A
the groove that forms the roof of the sinus tarsi
(inferior neck of the talis)
18
Q
what is the sinus tarsi
A
the hole inferior to the talus
19
Q
what does the talus have 3 of
A
articular facets (articulate with the ant/mid/pos calcaneous)
20
Q
what are the 3 articular facets of the talus
A
anterior, middle, posterior
21
Q
with what do the articular facet articulate with to form subtalar joints
A
the facets of the calcaneous
22
Q
which is the largest tarsal bone
A
the calcaneous
23
Q
what is the posterior tuberosity of the calcaneous for
A
Achilles attachment
24
Q
what are on the superior side of the calcaneous
A
the 3 facets (anterior, middle, posterior)
25
what forms the floor of the sinus tarsi
the calcaaneal sulcus
26
what is the sustentaculum tali
forms a "shelf" for the middle subtalar joints (middle facet)
27
what is on the lateral side of the calcaneous
the lateral process and the trochlea
28
which joints can be seen easily on the axial view of the calcaneous
the middle and posterior subtalar joints
29
what are the 4 joints of the talus
tibiotalar joint
fibulotalar joint
subtalar joints (3)
talonavicular joint
30
what is special about the talonavicular joint
it is one of only 3 ball and socket joints in the body
31
what is at the proximal end of the femur
the head (fovea capitis
32
what is the slope of the neck of the femur
slopes 15-20 deg posteriorly from the pelvis
33
what is done with the legs when taking an AP of the pelvis
we turn the legs 15-20 deg inwards to compensate
34
where is the lesser trochanter located on a true AP pelvis
it will be posterior to the femur
35
where are the femoral trochanters on a proper x table lateral
greater: superimposed on the femoral neck
lesser: posterior to the femoral neck
36
where are the femoral trochanters on a x table lateral with not enough internal rotation
greater: posterior to the femoral neck
lesser: medial
to neck
37
what is the angle from the side of the femur to the femoral neck
135 (125 + 10)
38
how many degrees do you angle in a x table hip
45 degrees from the femoral neck
(135 is 45 away from 180)
39
what does it prove when you image the femur without being able to see the lesser trochanters
that you are seeing the femoral neck without any foreshortening
40
what is at the distal end of the femur
medial and lateral femoral condyles
41
what are the parts of the medial femoral condyle
medial epicondyle
adductor tubercle
42
where is the adductor tubercle
its on the medial condyle, and very posterior on it
43
what is part of the lateral femoral condyle
lateral epicondyle
sulcus terminalis
44
how can you tell apart the femoral condyles
if there's a bump out the back, that's the adductor tubercle, so the medial condyle
45
when can you see the sulcus terminalis
in a lateral view of the femur
46
which tibial condyle is curved
the medial tibial plateau
47
which femoral condyle is more distal? by how much?
medial condyle
by 5-7 degrees
48
what angle is used for a mediolateral knee
5-7 cephalad
49
why would we do a x table lateral knee
to show lipohemarthrosis
50
what is on the anterior surface of the distal femur
trochlear groove (patella articulation)
51
what is on the posterior surface of the distal femur
intercondylar notch, fossa, or tunnel
52
what is the white line visible in the middle of a lateral knee
the roof of the tunnel (on the posterior surface)
53
what does the little rounded line inside the middle of a lateral knee correspond to
the trochlear groove
54
what does the patella articulate with
the trochlear groove
55
what tendon is attached to the patella
the quadriceps ligaments come together to the quadriceps tendon
56
what makes up the bony pelvis
2 hip bones, sacrum, coccycx
57
what is the purpose of the pelvis
connects the lower extremity to the axial skeleton
protects lower reproductive organs, GItract,
strong support for the trunk
58
what are the parts of the hip bone
ilium
ischium
pubis
59
what is the upper part of the ilium called
the Ala
60
how is the Ala curved
posterior is most medial, anterior part is most lateral
61
what is the iliac crest the landmark for
L4
62
what is ASIS
anterior superior iliac spine
63
what is the AIIS
anterior inferior iliac spine
64
which one (ASIS, AIIS) can you palpate
the ASIS
65
PSIS
posterior superior iliac spine
66
PIIS
posterior inferior iliac spine
67
why is the PSIS a landmark
the SI joint is immediately interior to the PSIS
68
where is the greater sciatic notch
the big groove between the ilium and ischium
69
why is the greater sciatic notch important
shows it the body is in a true lateral by looking at superimposition
70
what parts of the hip forms most of the acetabulum
the body of the ilium
71
what forms the sacral iliac joint
the auricular surface of the ilium forms with the auricular surface of the sacrum
72
why is the arcuate fossa significant
it separates Ala from body (of ilium)
but more importantly, forms part of the pelvic brim
73
where does the arcuate line run to and from
from the auricular surface to the pubis
74
where (directionally) is the ischium
inferior and posterior
75
when can the ischial spine be seen
when the pelvis is rotated
76
what do we sit on
the ischial tuberosity (star)
77
what is the ischial ramus
projects anteriorly and medially
connecting to the inferior pubic ramus
78
what are the parts of the pubis
superior pubic ramus
body
inferior pubic ramus
79
what parts of the pubis form the acetabulum
superior pubic ramus
80
what does the inferior pubic ramus ramus connect to
ischial ramus
81
what is the pubic arch
the angle between the two inferior pubis rami
82
what can you tell from the pubic arch
whether the body is male or femal
83
what is the pectineal line
travels along superior pubic ramus, meets the arcuate line of the ilium
84
when looking down at a pelvis, what is the round 'bowl' seen
the pelvic brim
85
1
body of ilium
86
3
Ala of ilium
87
4
arcuate line of ilium
88
5
iliac crest
89
10
ASIS
90
what is the ASIS a landmark for
SI
91
11
AIIS
92
14
iliac fossa
93
21
ischial ramus
94
25
body of pubis
95
26
pubic tubercle
96
28
pubic crest
97
29
superior pubic ramus
98
32
inferior pubic ramus
99
33
obturator foramen
100
what happens in an RPO position
as we turn to the right, the right Ala becomes much wider, and the left Ala becomes in profile (star)
101
what happens to the obturator foramen in an RPO
as they turn to the right, the left obturator foramen becomes open
102
if a right obturator foramen is open, and the left Ala appears wider, which way is the pelvis rotated
LPO
103
what are the pubic arch angles for males and females, respecively
<90 males
>90 female
104
what forms the superior part of the acetabulum
the ilium
105
what forms the posterior part of the acetabulum
ischium
106
what forms the anterior part of the acetabulum
pubis
107
what are Judet views for
fractures of the acetabulum
108
what are the two columns of bones in the Judet views
iliopobic column (anterior)
ilioischial column (posterior)
109
what is the pelvic brim
boundary line that separates the true pelvis form the false pelvis
110
what are the five parts that make up the pelvic brim
sacral promontory
aurate lines of ilium
pectineal lines of pubis
pubic crest (or superior part of superior pubic ramus)
superior part of pubic symphysis (NOT a bony part)
111
what is the pelvic brim
the entrance to the true pelvis
112
what is in the false pelvis
superior mart of bladder
lower intestines
uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes
113
what is the false pelvis bound by
lumbar spine, Ala, anterior abdominal wall
114
what is the true pelvis bound by
sacrum/coccyx, body of ilium, ischium, pubic bones
115
what does the true pelvis contain
rectum, bladder, prostate/vagina/cervix
116
what forms the pelvic inlet
the same things that forms the pelvic brim
117
what is the pelvic outlet
the inferior opening of the true pelvis
118
what is the pelvis outlet bounded by laterally
between the ischial tuberosities
119
what is the AP diameter of the pelvic outlet
tip of coccyx to inferior margin of pubic symohysis
120
what do you do for pubic bone fractures
inlet and outlet views
121
what do you do for acetabulum fractures
Judet views
122
what angle is used for a inlet view
40 degrees caudad
123
what angle is used for a pelvic outlet view
30 degrees cephalad
124
what are the differences between female and male pelves
females have a larger true pelvis (inlet and outlet)
females have a shallow false pelvis, males have a deep false pelvis
female have a pubic arch greater than 90 degrees
125
what determines the width of the pelvic inlet
the width of the arcuate lines on the ilium
126
what are the 3 calcaneal articulations
subtalar/talocalcaneal joints (3)
calcaneonavicular joint
calcaneocuboid joint
127
where is the calcaneonavicular joint
on the anterior process of the calcaneous
128
what are the navicular articulations (3)
calcaneonavicular joint
talonavicular joint
all 3 cuneiforms
129
what are the cuboid articulations (4)
calcaneocuboid joint
joint between cuboid and lateral cuneiform
TMT joints (w4/5 metatarsals)
navicular
130
what are the 3 cuneiform articulations
medial cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
131
what is the medial cuneiform joint
TMT joints with great toe
132
what is the intermediate cuneiform joint
TMT joints with 2nd toe
133
what is the elateral cuneiform joint
TMT joints with 3rd toe
134
what lines up in the cuneiform joints?
the medial part of the cuneiforms must line up with the medial aspect of the metatarsals
135
what are 2 properties of longitudinal arches
shock absorber
provides leverage while walking
136
what forms the longitudinal arches
tarsal and metatarsal bones
137
what are the 2 longitudinal arches
medial longitudinal arch and lateral longitudinal arch
138
which longitudinal arch is higher
medial
139
where is the medial longitudinal arch
originates at the calcaneous
rises to the talus
ends at the heads of the first 3 metatarsals
140
where is the lateral longitudinal arch
originates at the calcaneous
rises to cuboid
ends at the head of the lateral 2 metatarsals
141
what forms the transverse arch
3 cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of all 5 metatarsals
142
what are the 2 major bones of the lower leg
tibia and fibula
143
tib/fib which is more medial
tibia
144
tib/fib which is more posterior
fibula
145
where is the tibial plateau
on the proximal part of the tibia
146
what forms the tibial plateau
medial and lateral condyles
147
where is the facet in the tibial plateau
posterolateral surface
148
which tibial condyle is curved form anterior to posterior
medial
149
what direction is the slope of the proximal tibia
posterior slope
150
what separates the tibial condyles
intercondylar eminences
151
what is the tibial tuberosity
the attachment for the patellar ligament
152
what is a part of the distal tibia (4)
medial malleolus
fibular notch
anterior tubercle
tibial plafond
153
where is the fibular notch
the lateral side of the distal tibia
154
what is the ankle mortise
refers to the bony arch formed between the tibial plafond and malleoli
155
what is on the distal tibia
posterior malleolus
156
what does the head of the fibula articulate with
lateral condyle of the tibia
157
what is the anterior/posterior difference between the 2 malleoli?
the lateral malleolus is 15-20 degrees more posterior
158
what is the longest, strongest, heaviest bone?
the femur
159
what is the intertrochanteric line
joints the femoral trochanters anteriorly
160
what is the intertrochanteric crest
a ridge that joints the femoral trochanters posteriorly
161
what is the anterior join of the femoral trochanters
intertrochanteric line
162
what is the posterior join of the femoral trochanters
intertrochanteric crest
163
what is the linea aspera
ridge on the posterior femur, site for muscle attachment
TRT STUDYING
flashcards
Decks in class (66)
# Cards
-
introduction6
-
upper extremities8
-
lower extremities1
-
Surgical OR9
-
Mobile Imaging18
-
Trauma Radiography11
-
Interventional Radiography 1120
-
Interventional Radiography 234
-
Intro to the body78
-
cells and tissues39
-
osseous tissue80
-
articulations93
-
upper extremity86
-
lower extremity163
-
cranium119
-
facial bones COPY77
-
vertebrae and bony thorax COPY158
-
respiratory system109
-
digestive system COPY247
-
heart COPY208
-
urinary system COPY197
-
nervous system & spinal cord157
-
brain part 1100
-
brain 2111
-
cardiovascular vessels 2 COPY141
-
cardiovascular vessels 2104
-
lymphatic system COPY60
-
muscular system COPY161
-
endocrine system COPY74
-
reproductive system COPY50
-
med rad imaging overview13
-
electricity65
-
magnetism33
-
generators25
-
x-ray tube parts 1 & 275
-
beam restriction11
-
beam geometry30
-
electromagnetic radiation21
-
x-ray production15
-
attenuation processes19
-
attenuation applications9
-
mammography15
-
attenuation and coefficients0
-
attenuation, HVL and beam quality0
-
radiation electronics and detection0
-
computed tomography136
-
radioactivity COPY64
-
nuclear medecine COPY109
-
magnetic resonance imaging COPY90
-
ultrasound COPY82
-
infection control56
-
aseptic techniques in medical imaging10
-
pharmaceutical tables0
-
pharmaceutical tables (competency)49
-
pharmacology and medication administration0
-
contrast media and venipuncture65
-
medical emergencies62
-
lines and tubes32
-
oxygen and suction101
-
vital signs120
-
lab & review questions28
-
lines and tubes32
-
midterm pharm75
