What is the definition of asthma?
A heterogeneous chronic inflammatory airway disorder with episodes of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow limitation
Are asthma symptoms usually reversible?
Yes they are usually reversible
What are two host factors for asthma?
Genetics and obesity
What are two environmental factors for asthma?
Allergens and tobacco smoke
What does airway hyper-responsiveness mean?
Airways are overly “ticklish” and constrict easily
Is airway remodeling fully reversible?
No it is partially reversible
What are the diagnostic thresholds that indicate asthma?
FEV1 <80% and FEV1/FVC <65%
What indicates reversibility after bronchodilator?
An increase in FEV1 >12%
What does bronchial provocation testing assess?
A decline in FEV1 >20% indicating bronchospasm
What FEV1 drop indicates EIB after exercise?
A drop greater than 15%
What exercise conditions provoke EIB?
High-intensity exercise in dry air
What is the difference between controller and reliever meds?
Controllers are daily long-term meds and relievers are rescue inhalers
What is one non-pharmacologic way to reduce EIB?
A 15-minute moderate warm-up
Why is HRmax unreliable in asthma?
Medications and ventilation changes alter HR response
How long should the warm-up be for asthma?
At least 15 minutes of moderate intensity
Does exercise significantly improve resting lung function in asthma?
No
Is COPD airflow limitation reversible?
No it is not fully reversible
What defines chronic bronchitis?
Chronic cough and sputum production
What defines emphysema?
Permanent enlargement of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
What happens to the lungs and diaphragm in emphysema?
Lungs hyperinflate and the diaphragm flattens
What are two causes of skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD?
Chronic hypoxemia and physical inactivity
What diagnostic threshold indicates COPD?
Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ≤0.7
What is GOLD classification based on?
Severity of FEV1 impairment
What is the #1 non-pharmacologic treatment for COPD?
Smoking cessation
