attribution

Question 1

def of attribution

Answer 1

a perception of the reason for an outcome of a event

explanation given by leader for cause of success/failure

Question 2

what can be the affect of attribution to a perf

Answer 2

inc mot, conf, task persistence, satisfaction, inc effort

Question 3

what is weiners model of attribution

Answer 3

internal external

stable ability task dif

unstab effort luck

locus of cuasality :
internal + external – the amount of control the plyer has on result

locus of stability :
stab and unstab – how changeable the reasons for winning/losing are

4 categories of attribution:
ability, task difficulty, effort, luck

Question 4

what are weiners locus’

Answer 4

external - reasons for win/loss outside of perf control

internal - witin control

stab - are permanent and unlikely to change in short period of time

unstab - reasons for result can change

Question 5

what are the locus combos to result in 4 attributions

Answer 5

• internal + stable – ability - im not good enough
• internal + unstable - effort - we gave up too easy today
• external +stable – task difficulty - playing best team
• external + unstable – luck - ref decs

Question 6

how could a coach use attribution theory to maintain mot following a defeat

Answer 6

• att = percieved reason for perf
• attribute failure to internal unstable factors - effort
• to external unstable factors - luck
• not to internal stabel factors - ability

Question 7

what is self serving bias

Answer 7

using attributions to try and not effect a persons confidence – suggest failure is external and success is internal

Question 8

benefit of self serving bias

Answer 8

keeps players happy and motivated as feel can losses can be changed so can win next time

Question 9

what is learned helplessness

Answer 9

when players feel responsible for the outcome of a game attribute failure to internal stable factors leading to feeling failure is inevitable

Question 10

what is general learned helplessness vs specific

Answer 10

g - lh for general sporting sits - e.g believe not good at ball games – give up easy and lack of effort
s - lh for specific sporting sits – naf – e.g believe not good at football

Question 11

characteristics of learned helplessness

Answer 11

• believ have limited ability
• unwilling to try new skills
• focus on outcome goals not process goals
• dont beleif even the controllable factors(effort) will have impact on result

Question 12

when does learned helplessness occur

Answer 12

• players/coaches blame failure of internal stable factors (ability)
• lack of conf due to neg feedback
• believs failure is inev so give up
• neg experiences

Question 13

what strats could a coach use to avoid learned helplessness

Answer 13

• give pos reinforcement and lots of encouragement
• point out oast successes
• set goals that are challenging but can be achieved relatively quickly

Question 14

what is attribution retraining

Answer 14

set of strats aimed at changing the belief of the reasons why win/lose – overcome lh

Question 15

strats coach can use for att retraining

Answer 15

• encourge perf to attribute failure to things can control to alllow for fut succ
• refocus on task/process goal rathe than outcome
• ensure initial success to avoid learned helplessness
• use stats to show proof for ability

Question 16

what is mastery orientation

Answer 16

state of mind when the perf has high conf, belief in ability and thinks succ can be repeated whilst failure is both temp and changeable

high conf – success/correct atts – conf enhanced – mastery orienattion

Question 17

ways to promote self esteem

Answer 17

• reinforcement
• early success
• smarter goals
• personal improvemnets