B - Aggression :)

Question 1

Define aggressive behaviour?

Answer 1

The intent to harm outside the rules, a form of hostility.
E.g deliberately elbowing someone in a rugby scrum

Question 2

Define assertive behaviour

Answer 2

Well motivated behaviour within the rules
E.g a legal tackle in rugby, someone could get injured but that wasn’t the players intention

Question 3

What’s the grey area in aggression?

Answer 3

Occurs when there is aim/ intent but action is within he rules
Difficult placing sporting actions into aggressive or assertive
E.g boxing

Question 4

What is instrumental aggression?

Answer 4

Has an intent but is generally within the rules

Question 5

What’s sublimation in aggression?

Answer 5

Using aggression in acceptable activities such as sport

Question 6

What’s displacement in agression?

Answer 6

Directing our aggression outwards onto something or someone else

Question 7

What are aggressive characteristics?

Answer 7

*Intent to harm
*Outside the rules
*Reactive
*Out of control

Question 8

What are assertive characteristics?

Answer 8

*Controlled
*Well motivated
*Generally within the rules
*Goal directed
*Not intended to harm

Question 9

What are the 4 theories of aggression?

Answer 9

Trait theory/ instinct theory
Aggression cue hypothesis/ cue arousal theory
Frustration aggression hypothesis
Social learning theory

Question 10

Describe trait theory/ instinct theory of aggression and the negatives

Answer 10

*Aggression is innate/ born with aggressive traits/ spontaneous
*Aggression builds up and has to be released
*Individuals wait for an appropriate time to release aggression (sport)
*Cathartic effect/ cathatsis (calming effect after being aggressive)
-not all aggression is reactive/ spontaneous (some is predetermined)
-some people I refer their aggression and don’t experience cartharsis
Doesn’t take into account situational factors

Question 11

Describe the aggression cue hypothesis/ cue arousal theory of aggression and the negatives

Answer 11

*Frustration builds but is only released when socially desirable cue is present. E.g referee can’t see you
*Suggests aggression can be learnt from significant others
-suggested that people may be aggressive simply because they are in a situation where aggression is legitimate

Question 12

Describe the frustration aggression hypothesis and the negatives

Answer 12

*Performer tries to achieve their goal
*Opposition blocks their goal causes frustration
*Frustration causes aggression
*Release of aggression has cathartic effect and gets rid of this frustration
*If aggression doesn’t occur this can lead to further frustration and an increase aggressive drive

                                                                                        Catharsis
                                                                                                    ^
                                                                                             
                                                                                          Success
                                                                                                   ^ Drive to goal --> obstacle to goal --> frustration -->aggression (Need to win).                                             ^                         /
                                                                  ^      <—  Punishment

-not all frustration results in aggression
-not all aggression is a result of aggression
-does aggression need a certain cue to be present?

Question 13

Describe the social learning theory of aggression and the negatives

Answer 13

*Aggression is learnt by copying others/ vicarious experiences
*Reinforcement causes behaviour to be repeated (approval from team)
*Aggression is learnt from significant others (role modes)
*More likely to be copied if its observed live/ realistic events
-aggression can be instinctive and reactive rather than being trained
-some people act aggressively without being in a situation where they cold copy others

Question 14

What are strategies to overcome aggression?
x9

Answer 14

*Punish aggressive acts
*Develop players code of conduct
*Remove player from situation/change position
*Encourage peer support
*Give role of responsibilities
*Highlight positive role models
*Reduce importance of event
*Stress management techniques
*Rewards for assertive behaviour