BASIC HEMATOLOGIC

Question 1

Primary and routine laboratory screening test

Answer 1

Complete blood count

Question 2

Provides diagnostic and prognostic information

Answer 2

Complete blood count

Question 3

Monitors response to therapy and recovery

Answer 3

Complete blood count

Question 4

6 parameters of CBC

Answer 4

Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Red blood cell count
White blood cell count
Platelet count
Differential count

Question 5

Oxygen-carrying protein

Detects anemia & hypoxia

Question 6

Percentage of RBCs in blood

Correlates with anemia or dehydration

Answer 6

Hematocrit

Question 7

Number of red cells

Assesses anemia or polycythemia

Answer 7

RBC count

Question 8

Total white cells

Identifies infection and leukemia

Question 9

Types of WBCs

Distinguishes infection type

Answer 9

WBC differential count

Question 10

Number of platelets

Assesses clotting status

Answer 10

Platelet count

Question 11

8 RBC parameters

Answer 11

Rbc count
Hgb
Hct
Mcv
Mch
Mchc
Rdw
Retic

Question 12

2 platelet parameters

Answer 12

Platelet count

Mean platelet volume

Question 13

6 WBC parameters

Answer 13

Wbc count
Neutrophil count
Lymphocyte count
Monocyte count
Eosinophil count
Basophil count

Question 14

Principal protein in Rbcs that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 14

Hemoglobin determination

Question 15

Acts as an extracellular buffer (binds free hydrogen)

Answer 15

Hemoglobin determination

Question 16

Hemoglobin is expressed in

Answer 16

grams per deceliter (g/dL)

Question 17

3 clincal use of hemoglobin determination

Answer 17

Screens for anemia

Assesses polycythemia

Evaluates oxygen carrying capacity

Question 18

Normal values of RBC

Men:

Women:

Answer 18

4.20 - 6.00 x10^12/L

3.80 - 5.20 x10^12/L

Question 19

Conditions of increased RBC (2)

Answer 19

Polycythemia vera

Chronic hypoxia

Question 20

Conditions of decreased RBC (3)

Answer 20

Anemia

Hemorrhage

Marrow failure

Question 21

Represents the proportion of whole blood that is composed of red blood cells

Answer 21

Hematocrit or packed cell volume

Question 22

It is expressed as a percentage indicating how much of the blood volume is occupied by RBCs

Answer 22

Hematocrit

Question 23

Hct formula

Answer 23

Height of rbc column/ height of blood column

Question 24

Vital parameter for assessing oxygen carrying capacity of blood

Answer 24

Hematocrit

Question 25

Why Hematocrit is increased in dehydration

Answer 25

Due to plasma volume

Question 26

Why hematocrit is decreased in hemodilution

Answer 26

Due to overhydration or pregnancy

Question 27

Normal values of Hematocrit Males: Females: Children: Newborns:

Answer 27

40-54% 35-49% 36-44% Up to 60%

Question 28

Used in combination with hemoglobin and rbc indices to evaluate red cell status

Answer 28

Hematocrit

Question 29

Critical in managing patients with bleeding, chronic diseases or undergoing surgery

Answer 29

Hematocrit

Question 30

Measures total number of leukocytes

Answer 30

White blood cell count

Question 31

Dilution of Wbc: Solution used in WBC: Normal range in adults:

Answer 31

1:20 ratio Acetic acid (lyses rbc) 4.0- 11.5 x10^9/L

Question 32

Term for increased WBC Term for decreased WBC

Answer 32

Leukocytosis (Bacterial infections) Leukopenia (Viral infections)

Question 33

Detects hidden infections Monitors effectiveness of therapy Evaluates bone marrow function

Answer 33

Wbc count

Question 34

Identifies and quantifies the different types of white blood cells in peripheral blood

Answer 34

Wbc diff count

Question 35

Determine relative and absolute counts of each leukocyte type Helps diagnose infections, hematologic disorders and leukemias

Answer 35

Wbc diff count

Question 36

First responders to infection, Phagocytosis Increase in Bacterial infections

Answer 36

Neutrophils

Question 37

Adaptive immunity (B and T cells) Increase in viral infections

Answer 37

Lymphocytes

Question 38

Phagocytosis antigen presentation Increase in chronic infections

Answer 38

Monocytes

Question 39

Allergy and parasitic defense Increase in parasitic infections and allergic reactions

Answer 39

Eosinophils

Question 40

Histamine release and allergic response Increase in hypersensitivity, and CML

Answer 40

Basophils

Question 41

Evaluate erythropoetic activity of the bone marrow

Answer 41

Reticulocyte count

Question 42

Supravital dyes used in retics count (2)

Answer 42

New methylene blue Brilliant cresyl blue

Question 43

Reported as percentage of total RBC

Answer 43

Reticulocyte count

Question 44

Conditions of increased retics (2)

Answer 44

Recovery from anemia Hemolysis

Question 45

Conditions of decreased retics (2)

Answer 45

Bone marrow failure Aplastic anemia

Question 46

Measures the rate at which RBC settle in one hour Nonspecific indicator of inflammation

Answer 46

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 47

Two methods used in ESR

Answer 47

Westergren (PREFERRED) Wintrobe

Question 48

conditions of increased ESR (3)

Answer 48

Chronic infection Autoimmune disease Malignancies

Question 49

Conditions of decreased ESR (2)

Answer 49

Polycythemia Sickle cell anemia

Question 50

Assess RBC membrane stability and hypotonic saline solution

Answer 50

Osmotic fragility test

Question 51

measures the susceptibility of RBCs to hemolysis

Answer 51

OFR

Question 52

Conditions of increased fragility (2)

Answer 52

Hereditary spherocytosis Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WARM TYPE)

Question 53

conditions of decreased fragility (2)

Answer 53

Thalassemia Iron deficiency anemia

Question 54

Detects inherited X-linked G6PD enzyme deficiency

Answer 54

G6PD

Question 55

Crucial for maintaining reduce glutathione in red blood cells Deficiency renders RBC’s vulnerable to oxidative stress

Answer 55

G6PD

Question 56

Two types of test in G6PD

Answer 56

Qualitative screening Quantitative enzyme assay

Question 56

Detects NADPH production via fluorescence

Answer 56

Fluorescent spot test

Question 57

Measures G6PD activity in U/g hgb

Answer 57

Quantitative enzyme assay (GOLD STANDARD)

Question 58

Diagnosis of episodic hemolytic anemia Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia evaluation Population screening

Answer 58

G6PD

Question 58

Detects hemoglobin S precipitation in deoxygenated conditions

Answer 58

Sickle cell solubility test

Question 59

Separate hemoglobin variants by charge

Answer 59

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

Question 60

Precise hemoglobin quantification

Answer 60

High performance liquid chromatography

Question 61

Refers to the ability to provide accurate reproducible and clinically useful assay result

Answer 61

Quality