HEMA LAB & LEC > ESR > Flashcards

ESR Flashcards

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1
Q

Principle of ESR

A

Measures the distance and speed of fall of RBC in plasma

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2
Q

Most important factor influencing ESR

A

Plasma proteins

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3
Q

3 stages of ESR

A

Rouleaux formation (10 MINS )

Period of fast settling ( 40 MINS )

Final period of packing ( 10 MINS )

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4
Q

Erythrocytes separated from blood sample after

A

1 hour

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4
Q

Importance of ESR (4)

A

Indirectly measures inflammation in body

Used as an index of the presence of active infection

Measures the suspension stability of RBCs

Indicates abnormal concentration of fibrinogen, globulin, and other plasma proteins

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5
Q

2 methods of ESR determination

A

Wintrobe-Lansberg method

Westergren method

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6
Q

Common method or gold standard for ESR determination

A

Westergren method

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7
Q

Advantages of wintrobe-Lansberg method (2)

A

Quite accurate

Utilizes Wintroub tube, which contains two calibrations

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8
Q

Advantages of westergren method (2)

A

Most sensitive or ESR determination

Can be used for serial Study of chronic disease like tuberculosis and carcinoma.

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9
Q

Normal values of westergren method

Male

Female

A

0 - 15 millimeter/hour

0-17 millimeter/hour

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10
Q

Length of westergren tube

A

30 cm

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11
Q

Length of wintrobe tube

A

11.5 cm

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12
Q

Bore size of westergren tube

A

2.5 cm

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13
Q

Bore size of wintrobe tube

A

3 mm

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14
Q

Bottom of tube of Westergren

A

Open

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15
Q

Normal values of ESR in wintrobe-Lansberg method

Male

Female

A

0 - 10 millimeter/hour

0-20 millimeter/hour

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15
Q

Bottom of tube of wintrobe

A

Flat and closed

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16
Q

Calibration of westergren tube

A

0 - 200 mm

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17
Q

Anticoagulant of choice of westergren method

A

3.8% trisodium citrate

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18
Q

Anticoagulant of choice for wintrobe method

A

Hellen and Paul’s double oxalate

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19
Q

Advantage of westergren

A

Most sensitive method for serial study of chronic diseases

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20
Q

Calibration of Wintrobe tube

A

0 - 100 mm

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21
Q

Advantages of wintrobe method

A

Smaller amount of blood is needed and can be performed in hematocrit and LE cell preparation

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22
Q

Disadvantage of westergren

A

Large amount of blood is necessary

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23
Disadvantage of wintrobe method
Less sensitive due to shorter column
24
Conditions causing increased ESR (8) R P B M T M W S
Rheumatoid arthritis Pregnancy Bacterial infection Malignancy Tissue damage Multiple myeloma Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Severe anemia
25
Conditions causing normal to decrease ESR (4) P S S M
Polycythemia Sickle cell anemia Spherocytosis More viscous= dec ESR
26
Sources of error of falsely increased ESR (5) T H I V R
Tilted column Hemolysis Increased room temperature Vibration Refrigerated specimen not returned to room temp
27
Sources of error of falsely decreased ESR (7) C E O B L N D
Clotted sample Excess anticoagulant Old blood Bubbles in column Low room temperature Delay in testing Narrow column
28
decreased ESR (10)
Microcytosis Leukocytosis Adrenocorticotropic Cortisone Ethambutol Quinine Salicylates Cachexia Congestive heart failure Newborn status
29
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Hypercholesterolemia
INCREASED IT PROMOTES RBC AGGREGATION
30
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Hyperfibrinogenemia
INCREASED IT PROMOTES RBC STACKING
31
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Hypergammaglobulinemia
INCREASED DUE TO HIGH IMMUNOGLOBULIN
32
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Hypoalbuminemia
INCREASED DUE TO ROULEAUX FORMATION
33
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY MACROCYTOSIS
INCREASED RBC SETTLES FASTER
34
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY LEUKEMIA
INCREASED DUE TO INFLAMMATION
35
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Heavy metal poisoning
INCREASED DUE TO INFLAMMATION
36
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY BACTERIAL INFECTION
INCREASED DUE TO STRONG INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
37
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Diabetes mellitus
INCREASED DUE TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
38
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Multiple myeloma
INCREASED DUE TO VERY HIGH LEVELS OF ABNORMAL PROTEINS
39
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Myocardial infarction
INCREASED IT PRODUCE TISSUE DAMAGE
40
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY PREGNANCY
INCREASED DUE TO CHANGES IN PLASMA PROTEINS
41
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Rheumatic fever
INCREASED IT PRODUCES ACUTE INFLAMMATION
42
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Rheumatoid arthritis
INCREASED IT IS CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
43
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Syphilis
INCREASED DUE TO SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION
44
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Temporal arthritis
INCREASED DUE TO INFLAMMATION IN BLOOD VESSELS
45
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY High room temperature
INCREASED RBC FALL FASTER
46
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Tilted ESR tube
INCREASED ARTIFICIALLY ACCELERATES
47
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Vibration
INCREASED MOVEMENT DISRUPTS THE COLUMN
48
FALSELY INCREASED OR FALSELY DECREASED WHY Hemolysis
FALSELY INCREASED DUE TO INFLAMMATION
49
FALSELY INCREASED OR FALSELY DECREASED WHY Excess anticoagulant
FALSELY DECREASED IT ALTERS RBC
50
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Hyperalbuminemia
DECREASED IT PREVENTS STACKING OF RBC
51
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Hyperglycemia
DECREASED IT PREVENT ROULEAUX FORMATION
52
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Acanthocytosis
DECREASED SLOW SEDIMENTATION
52
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Hyperglycemia
DECREASED IT PREVENT ROULEAUX FORMATION
53
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Anisocytosis
DECREASED RBC FALLS SLOWLY
54
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Leukocytosis
DECREASED INTERFERE RBC SEDIMENTATION
55
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Cachexia
DECREASED IT LOWERS FIBRINOGEN LEVELS
56
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF)
DECREASED IT LOWERS FIBRINOGEN LEVELS
57
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Clotted blood
DECREASED it is trapped in fibrin clot
58
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Delay in testing
DECREASED RBC SETTLES SLOWER
59
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Bubbles in column
DECREASED RBCs CANNOT FALL SMOOTHLY
60
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Low room temperature
DECREASED SLOW SEDIMENTATION
61
INCREASED OR DECREASED WHY Narrow column
DECREASED IT IS MORE FRICTION WITH TUBE WALLS
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