Goals of science
- To provide natural testable explainations for the natural world
- To use data to understand patterns in nature
Characteristics of life
- Made up of cells
- maintains homeostasis
- Grows and develops.
- reproduces
- evolves
- needing materal for energy
- responds to stimuli
- Based on universal genitic code
Atoms
Protons-center postive charge
Nutrons-Center nutral charge
Electrons-outside negitive charge
isotopes
element that has different number of nuetrons
ionic bond
formed when one or more elctrons are transferred from one atom to another
A neutral atom that loses electron becomes postively charged
A neutral atom that gains an electron becomes negitivly charged
Covelent bond
Electrons are shared between atoms
van deer wall forces
Weak connection of molecules
hydrogen bond
The attraction between a hydrogen atom and other atoms
Carbohydrates
CHO, glucose, fructose, galactose
Lipids
CHO, long chains, fatty acids, and glycerol
dehydration synthesis
two molecules or compounds are joined to form a larger molecule following the removal of water
hydrolisis
the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
Ester bond
an ester bond is a strong chemical link formed when a carboxylic acid (like vinegar) and an alcohol (like ethanol) join, kicking out a water molecule; it’s the backbone of fats, oils
nucleic acid
CHONP, nucleotides, store and transport genetic info, nitrogeous base, 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group
Protines
CHON, amino acids, the strong chemical glue connecting two amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) into a chain, formed by a reaction that removes a water molecule (dehydration)
Energy within reactions
Chemical reactions that release energy often occure on their own
chemical reactions that store energy require a sorce
Enzymes
The role of enzymes is to speed up the chemical reactions take place in cells
