Biochemistry 1

Question 1

Biochemical structure of water

Answer 1

Two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen atom

Question 2

Water a solid drawing

Answer 2

hydrogen bond( dashed line) to connect the different water molecules together.

Question 3

Properties of water for an organism

Answer 3

• Coolant
• Transport medium
• Habitat

Question 4

Cohesive water meaning

Answer 4

Water sticks to other water molecules (h-bonds)

Question 5

Adhesive water meaing

Answer 5

Water sticks to other polar charged molecules

Question 6

Universal solvent water meaning

Answer 6

Can dissolve any polar or ionic substance

Question 7

how does the polar attraction of large quantities even the water

Answer 7

Weakens other intermolecular forces

Question 8

Water application-Transport

Answer 8

• Water soluble/insoluble
• Hydrophobic/hydrophilic substances

Question 9

Importance of water as solvent, in cells

Answer 9

Cytoplasm
fluid inside of organelles
interstitial fluid
Transport
Part of blood

Question 10

Transparency(physical property of water)

Answer 10

• Transparency depends on the amount of particles in the water
  can penetrate up to 200 meters depth in the bodies.

Question 11

Buoyancy(physical property of water)

Answer 11

determined by density
density close to water tend to float

Question 12

Thermal conductivity(physical property of water)

Answer 12

• Hydrogen bonding
• Water can absorb significant amounts of heat before changing state
  H bonds need to be broke/formed in order to change states

Question 13

Specific heat capacity of water?(not the number)

Answer 13

the specific heat capacity is due to hydrogen bonds, which restrict molecular motion.

Question 14

Organic molecule— What are the exceptions

Answer 14

Compounds containing carbon atom coming from a living or once living organism.

Oxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonate

Question 15

Most common elements in organic molecules

Answer 15

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen

Question 16

6 major functional groups

Answer 16

Hydroxyl(OH)
Carbonyl(C=O)(aldehyde end of chain)
Ketone(C=O)(anywhere but end of chain)
Carboxyl group(COOH)
Amino group- NH2
Sulfhydryl group
Phosphate group(ATP)

Question 17

Large carbon molecules

Answer 17

Monomers- one molecule
polymers- many molecules

Question 18

Condensation reaction

Answer 18

• monomers are linked together—Makes polymers
• A water molecule is released
• endergonic process

Question 19

Hydrolysis

Answer 19

• Monomers are split—Polymers are broken
• A water molecule is used
• Exergonic —Energy relased

Water breaks down a compound splitting a larger molecule into tow or more smaller ones

Question 20

Anabolism

Answer 20

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules

Question 21

Catabolism

Answer 21

Breakdown of complex molecules into simple molecules

Question 22

Chemicals basis for life

Answer 22

Nitrogen-amino acid and DNA

Phosphorous= ATP and Cell Membrane

Calcium=Bones
Iron=Hemoglobin and blood

Question 23

Carbohydrates—Function

Answer 23

Building blocks are simple sugars called monosaccharides

Function: Energy storage and cell structure.

Question 24

Glucose alpha explain drawing

Answer 24

C6H12O6
OH down the entire time until on thrid carbon where it is up

H attached to the 5th carbon

5th carbon has H down and CH2OH up

O is the top right point

Question 25

Glucose Beta explain drawing

Answer 25

Same thing as Glucose alpha instead OH up carbon 1 then OH down Carbon 2... Hydrogen attached to 5th carbon(facing downward) attached to a 6th carbon that is CH2OH

Question 26

Galactose drawing explained

Answer 26

Carbon one has bond to H and OH(going down) Carbon 2: has OH Down Carbon 3: OH up Carob 4: OH up same as Glucose for carbon 5 and 6 Oxygen is top right down down up up

Question 27

Fructose drawing explained

Answer 27

Pentagon shape Oxygen is at the top Carbon 1: Has an H attached and a CH2OH down Carbon 3: OH up H down Carbon 4: OH down H up Carbon 5: has an OH down and a CH2OH up

Question 28

Ribose drawing explained

Answer 28

5 carbon Pentagon shape O at the top Carbon 1: OH up H down Carbon 2: OH down H up Carbon 3: OH down H up Carbon 4: H down CH2OH up

Question 29

Deoxyribose

Answer 29

Pentagon shape Oxygen at the top Carbon 1: OH up H down Carbon 2: H up H down Carbon 3: H up OH down Carbon 4: H down CH2OH up

Question 30

Condensation reaction of maltose Explained

Answer 30

Glucose + Glucose= Maltose Glucose Alpha + Glucose alpha --> Glucose alpha but at the 5th carbon instead of an OH it is replaced by an O that O is shared with the first Carbon of the next glucose Alpha + H2O

Question 31

Sucrose drawing explained

Answer 31

glucose alpha, fructose Glucose alpha but instead of OH on first carbon there is O Pentagon O at top Carbon 1: H up CH2OH down Carbon 2: OH up H down Carbon 3: H up OH down Carbon 4: O down to go with glucose alpha O and CH2OH up O bond is called glycosidic bond

Question 32

Role of glycoproteins in cell-cell recognition

Answer 32

-Glycoproteins are membrane proteins with carbohydrates attached to them

Question 33

Glycoproteins Red blood cells

Answer 33

Red blood cells carry different Glycoproteins on their cell membrane. These ABO antigens are important means of cell-cell recognition

Question 34

Glycoproteins embedded in cell membrane

Answer 34

Play an important role in the bodys self and non self recognition and play an important role in blood tranfusions

Question 35

Lipid characteristics

Answer 35

-non polar - is not a polymer - important in energy storage(fat) - Many C-H bonds

Question 36

Major functions of Lipids

Answer 36

energy storage Part of cell membrane Insulation Protein organs hormonal

Question 37

Glycerol drawing explain

Answer 37

3 carbon chain OH on top of all carbons H bonds everywhere else

Question 38

Saturated fatty acid explain drawing

Answer 38

ten carbon chain last carbon, carboxylic acid(C single bond to OH and double bond to O

Question 39

Unsaturated fatty acid explain drawing

Answer 39

Same as saturated fatty acid, except double bond at 5th carbon No H's going down on double bonded carbons

Question 40

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 40

- Palmitic acids single covalent bonds join carbon atoms Solid at room temp

Question 41

Unsaturated Fatty acid

Answer 41

less than max number of hydrogen bonds Tends to be an oily liquid at room temp

Question 42

mono saturated unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 42

One double or triple bond 2 empty spaces where hydrogen could be

Question 43

Poly saturated unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 43

At least two double or triple bonds 2 or more carbon have empty space where hydrogen could be trans fat

Question 44

Trans fat

Answer 44

c double bond at 5th carbon, 5th carbon has h up 6th carbon has H down Tightly packed, solid fat

Question 45

Cls Fat

Answer 45

H's same side on Carbon= loosely packed

Question 46

Wax formation

Answer 46

Formed by the combination of fatty acid and an alcohol other than glycerol