punnet Square

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus for determines a specific trait

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

one of a number of different forms of a gene (ex: T= ‘tall’ allele; t=‘short’ allele)

Question 3

Pure breeding

Answer 3

pedigreed, shows the traits of its parents, often identical

Question 4

Hybrid

Answer 4

Offspring of parents with different alleles of a particular trait

Question 5

Homozygous

Answer 5

organism with two identical Alleles

TT, tt

Question 6

Heterozygous

Answer 6

has two different alleles for a given trait

Tt

Question 7

Dominant allele

Answer 7

Variation of a gene that will produce a certain phenotype even in the presence of other alleles

Question 8

Recessive allele

Answer 8

Will not create a phenotype in the presence of a dominant allele

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

genetic makeup of an organism

Ex: TT,tt,Tt

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

physical characteristics of an organism

Tall/ Short

Question 11

Co dominance

Answer 11

Occurs when neither gene expresses dominance

Question 12

Co dominance type 1

Answer 12

Blend of alleles resulting in a new phenotype

Question 13

Co dominance type 2

Answer 13

blend of allele resulting in expressing parts of both Genes

Question 14

Multiple alleles

Answer 14

more than two alleles expressing a certain trait

Question 15

Sex or “X” linked traits

Answer 15

Alleles found only on the X chromosome of the sex chromosome

Female: XX Male: XY

Question 16

Carrier

Answer 16

An individual that has a recessive allele of a gene that causes an adverse effect when homozygous. Sex linked

Question 17

Test Cross

Answer 17

Testing a phenotypically dominant phenotype to determine if it is heterozygous or homozygous.

Question 18

F1 and F2

Answer 18

F1= first generation; offspring of the parent
generation

F2= Obtained by crossing F1 wit other F1

Question 19

Possible Allele combinations on a chromosome

Answer 19

Homozygous Dominant: BB
Homozygous recessive: bb
Heterozygous: Bb
Co Dominant: C^B C^W
Multiple alleles: Blood type
Sex Linked: X^N X^N, X^n Y.

Question 20

Principal of Dominance

Answer 20

where one allele completely masks another, a concept called complete dominance

Recessive alleles are masked by dominant alleles

Question 21

Monohybrid cross=

Answer 21

Principal of dominance

Question 22

Principal of segregation

Answer 22

offspring inherit one allele from each parent, rather than both

Bb
Bb

BB 25%
Bb50%
bb25%

Question 23

Test cross

Answer 23

To determine if an organism with a dominant trait is homozygous ((AA)) or heterozygous

Requires two punnett square

Question 24

Multiple alleles

Answer 24

ABO blood group

Genotypes: AA or Ao
BB or Bo

AB(co dominant type 1)
oo homozygous recessive

Question 25

Co dominant

Answer 25

A pair of alleles that both affect phenotype when present in the heterozygous always expressed with exponent

Question 26

Sex linked traits

Answer 26

Colorblindness Hemophilia Female=XX male=XY Genotypes: Female: X^N, X^N X^N, X^n - Carrier, heterozygous does not show symptoms X^n, X^n- expresses trait Male: X^N, Y X^n, Y- no carrier- trait is always expressed

Question 27

Diseases

Answer 27

Hemophilia, is recessive and X linked results in a lack of clotting produced in blood plasmas. ---More common in men ----Inherit from their mother PKU-- Genetic disease which is caused by a recessive allele of a gene Or caused by a mutation of the gene on chromosome 12.

Question 28

Pedigree chart Female/ Male

Answer 28

Female= Circle Male= Square

Question 29

Affected female and male pedigree chart

Answer 29

Colored in

Question 30

Determine if the pedigree chart shows an autosomal or sex-linked disease.

Answer 30

If most of the males in the pedigree are affected the disorder is sex-linked If it is a 50/50 ratio between men and women the disorder is autosomal.

Question 31

2. Determine whether the Trait (disorder) is dominant or recessive. pedigree chart

Answer 31

If the disorder is dominant, one of the parents must have the disorder. If the disorder is recessive, neither parent has to have the disorder because they can be heterozygous.

Question 32

Sex linked dominanant PC

Answer 32

Trend: does not skip generations ▪ Female: BB or Bb / Male: B ▪ Any males must have mothers with trait * Cannot pass to sons, only passes trait to females

Question 33

Sex inked recessive PC

Answer 33

Trend: skips generations ▪ Female: bb / Male: b ▪ Most affected individuals will be male ▪ Females with trait must have father with trait ▪ Hemophilia