evolution/biodiversity

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Personal trait

Question 2

cumulative change over time?

Answer 2

the process by which a population’s inherited traits change gradually over successive generations.
Evolution

Question 3

Biological evolution

Answer 3

the change in inherited traits of populations over successive generations, driven by mechanisms like mutation

Question 4

charles Darwin

Answer 4

Natural selection

Question 5

Evidence of evolution?

Answer 5

• Fossil record

Layers of inorganic components of:
—–Bacteria/algae: oldest
—–Shelled animals: Trilobites
—–Dinosaurs/early reptiles
—–Mammals/birds
are preserved.

Question 6

what is evolution powered by

Answer 6

Natural process

Question 7

Law of fossil succession

Answer 7

Fossils are dated by determining the age of rock(lower rock layer the older)

Question 8

How do fossils of living organisms appear to show evolution

Answer 8

Prokaryotes in fossils before Eukaryotes

invertebrae before vertebrae

Question 9

Is fossil record complete or incomplete

Answer 9

incomplete

Question 10

pentadactyl limbs

Answer 10

limbs with 5 digits

Question 11

Homologous structure

Answer 11

Common structure
different function

characteristics evolved from a common ancestor

Question 12

Divergent evolution

Answer 12

Seen in organism over a wide geographical range

Question 13

Analogous structure

Answer 13

Similar structure and similar function

No common ancestor

Question 14

Convergent evolution

Answer 14

the independent development of similar features in different animls due to them sharing same environmental pressures

Question 15

What two biochemicals make us up

Answer 15

DNA and RNA

Question 16

relationship between number of differences and divergence

Answer 16

More differences more divergence

Question 17

amino acid =

Answer 17

protein

Question 18

prokaryote=

Answer 18

bacteria

Question 19

How can populations of species gradually diverge into separate species by evolutions

Answer 19

speciacion

—which one species splits into two or more new species, typically due to reproductive isolation

Question 20

Reproductively isolated

Answer 20

occurs when a species are prevented from producing offspring
—- geographic, temporal, behavioral

Question 21

Geographic isolation?

Answer 21

Close proximity but separated recently show less divergence

Distant population: Longer time separated, more divergence

Question 22

Artificial selection

Answer 22

Mating of organisms with favorable traits. Eliminates negative characteristics
—-May affect other characteristics
- does not further variation of species

Question 23

Charles darwin

Answer 23

Natural selection

Question 24

Jean baptiste

Answer 24

Acquired characteristics

Question 25

5 parts of natural selection

Answer 25

Variation, Inheritance, Overproduction, Differential Survival and Reproduction, and Adaptation

Question 26

what offspring will natural selection favor

Answer 26

--posses the best genes --Are most "fit" --Surviving members will produce and pass on fit genes

Question 27

list for struggle for survival

Answer 27

--competition for food --predation --parasitism --disease --competition for mates -- competition for living space

Question 28

Variations=

Answer 28

random mutation

Question 29

what is a random mutation

Answer 29

Permanent change in the nucleatide sequence of the genome

Question 30

What are the 5 types of random mutation

Answer 30

Frame, shift, deletion,insertion,substitute.

Question 31

Random mutation occurs during

Answer 31

--Dna Replication --viral infection

Question 32

where can mutations only be passed on

Answer 32

Sex cells

Question 33

Meiosis, Crossing over?

Answer 33

Occurs during prophase 1 Creates new combination of alleles genetic recombination

Question 34

Meiosis, Independent assortment?

Answer 34

Random Alleles sort independently during metaphase 1

Question 35

Variations fertilization?

Answer 35

--Alleles from male and female combine --Larger the number of chromosomes greater the variety

Question 36

Selection pressures-biotic?

Answer 36

Density dependent competition for food living space

Question 37

Selection pressures-abiotic

Answer 37

Density independent temperature wind climate

Question 38

Adaptive radiation?

Answer 38

rapid evolution from a single common ancestor where a single ancestral species rapidly diversifies into multiple new species that are adapted to different ecological niches,

Question 39

how does resistance occur for bacteria

Answer 39

mutation plasmid transfer

Question 40

species

Answer 40

group of organisms with shared trait

Question 41

How do chromosomes come

Answer 41

they come in homologous pairs

Question 42

gene in chromosomes

Answer 42

genes occur at specific location each gene has two or more alleles

Question 43

if interbreeding what needs to happen

Answer 43

need to have same number of chromosomes vise versa if not able too

Question 44

Karyotyping

Answer 44

total number and types of all chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell during the early stage of nuclear division.

Question 45

Karyograms

Answer 45

An image where chromosomes are organized in their homologous pairs according to size

Question 46

what makes genomes of same species diverse

Answer 46

alleles

Question 47

what are alleles caused by

Answer 47

different changed to the DNA, such as deletion, instertions

Question 48

genetic diversity

Answer 48

Range of genetic material in a gene pool of population of species

Question 49

Causes of anthropogenic species extinction

Answer 49

--climate change --pollution --invasive species --over harvesting --habitat destruction

Question 50

Causes of ecosystem loss

Answer 50

urbanization over exploitation on natural resources climate change