what is energy?
the ability to do work
what are 2 types of reactions that can occur?
- exergonic reaction
2. endergonic reaction
what is an exergonic reaction?
when a reaction releases energy
AB -> A + B + energy
what is an endergonic reaction?
when a reaction requires energy
A + B + energy -> AB
what is resynthesis?
rebuilding
what is synthesis?
making
what is the ATP exergonic reaction?
ATP -> ADP + phosphate + energy
what is anaerobic? what type of fibres does it use?
- when oxygen is not used
- used for short endurance
- fast twitch fibres used
what is aerobic? what type of fibres does it use?
- when oxygen is used
- used for long endurance
- slow twitch fibres used
what is hypoxia?
when a muscle is deficit in oxygen
what are the 3 energy systems?
- phosphagen
- anaerobic glycolysis
- aerobic/oxidative phosphorylation
what is the phosphagen system?
- also called anaerobic alactic
- the 1st energy system, “the start up”
- lasts 10 seconds, on average
- releases ATP energy
- creatine phosphate rebuilds energy
what does alactic mean?
no oxygen or lactic acid
what is anaerobic glycolysis?
- the 2nd energy system used
- breaks down glycogen for fuel
- lactic acid is produced and builds up
what is lactic acid?
product of anaerobic glycolysis that causes the burning sensation during exercise
what is the aerobic system?
- used when duration is greater than intensity
- uses 2 fuels: stored fat and glycogen
- oxidative: oxygen to break down and rebuild ATP
how can we increase glycogen storage levels?
because glycogen is stored in our muscles, increasing strength and growing muscles will increase storage
what is the pH level of our bodies in homeostasis?
7.1
what happens to your muscle when you are anorexic?
the body uses heart muscle for fuel because there is no fat
while working out, what type of fat does our body use for fuel?
breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids for our muscles
how many glucose/glycogen are broken down during aerobic exercise?
38 glucose, 39 glycogen
how many glucose/glycogen are broken down during anaerobic exercise?
2 glucose, 3 glycogen
what is the krebs cycle?
- occurs during aerobic exercise in the mitochondria
- a series of chemical reactions in which products of carbohydrate breakdown produces CO2 and H+, CO2 is released
what are the 3 steps of the krebs cycle?
step 1: pyruvic acid (glycolysis product) enters the cycle
step 2: CO2 is released and eliminated by the lungs
step 3: oxidation occurs, H+ and electrons are removed from cycle and enter the electron transport system
