Block 3 - Chapter 14

Question 1

The medical model proposes

Answer 1

That it is useful to think of abnormal behaviour as a disease

Question 2

Diagnosis

Answer 2

Involves distinguishing one illness from another

Question 3

Aetiology

Answer 3

Refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

Question 4

Prognosis

Answer 4

Is a forecast about the probable course of an illness

Question 5

Generalised anxiety disorder

Answer 5

Is marked by chronic high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat

Question 6

Transvestism fetishism

Answer 6

A sexual disorder which a man achieves sexual arousal by dressing in women’s clothing

Question 7

Rumination

Answer 7

Is a repetitive unproductive cycle of dwelling on negative thoughts, feelings, and problems

Question 8

Hypochondria

Answer 8

Abnormal chromic anxiety about one’s health

Question 9

Caffeine intoxication

Answer 9

Getting really buzzed from caffeine

Question 10

Tobacco use disorder

Answer 10

Inability to control smoking

Question 11

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 11

Problems with recurrent temper tantrums in youngsters

Question 12

A specific phobia

Answer 12

Involves a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

Question 13

Panic disorder

Answer 13

Characterised by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

Question 14

Agoraphobia

Answer 14

Fear of going out to public places

Question 15

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 15

Is marked by persistent uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsion)

Question 16

Post traumatic stress disorder

Answer 16

Involves enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event

Question 17

Concordance rate

Answer 17

Indicates the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder

Question 18

Neurotransmitters

Answer 18

Chemicals that carry signals from one neuron to another

Question 19

Executive function

Answer 19

Refers to rhebasic cognitive process that support self-regulation, planning, and decision making (linked to OCD)

Question 20

Dissociative disorders

Answer 20

A class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory resulting in disturbances in their sense of identity

Question 21

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 21

Is a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting

Question 22

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 22

Involves a distribution of identity marked by the experience of two or more largely complete and usually very different personalities

Question 23

Major depressive disorder

Answer 23

People show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Question 24

Anhedonia

Answer 24

A diminished ability to experience pleasure

Question 25

Bipolar disorder

Answer 25

Is marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods

Question 26

Learned helplessness

Answer 26

Passive ‘giving up’ behaviour produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

Question 27

Hindsight bias

Answer 27

The tendency to shape your memories or the past so that they fit with how events turned out

Question 28

Schizophrenia

Answer 28

Is a disorder marked by delusion’s hallucinations disorganised thinking and speech and deterioration of adaptive behaviour

Question 29

Delusions

Answer 29

Are false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality

Question 30

Hallucinations

Answer 30

Are sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input

Question 31

Dopamine hypothesis

Answer 31

Asserts that excess dopamine activity is the neurochemical basis for schizophrenia

Question 32

Synaptic pruning

Answer 32

Involves the selective elimination of synapses by certain types of glial cells

Question 33

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia

Answer 33

Assets that schizophrenia is partly caused by various disturbances in the normal maturational process or the brain before or at birth

Question 34

Expressed emotion

Answer 34

Is the degree to which a relative of a schizophrenic patient displays high critical or emotionally overinvolved attitudes towards the patient

Question 35

Autism

Answer 35

Is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by deficits in social interaction and communication and restricted repetitive interests and activities

Question 36

Personality disorders

Answer 36

Are a class of disorders marked by extreme inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress of impaired social and occupational functioning

Question 37

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 37

Is marked by impulsive callous manipulative aggressive and irresponsible behaviour

Question 38

The borderline personality disorder

Answer 38

Is marked by instability in social relationships self image and emotional functioning

Question 39

The narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 39

Is marked by a grandiose sense of self importance, a sense of entitlement and an excessive need for attention and admiration

Question 40

Eating disorders

Answer 40

Are severe disturbances in eating behaviour characterised by preoccupation with weight concerns and unhealthy efforts to control weight

Question 41

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 41

Involves intense fear of gaining weight disturbed body image refusal to maintain normal weight and use of dangerous measures to lose weight

Question 42

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 42

Involves habitually engaging in out of control overeating, followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts, such as self induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics and excessive exercise

Question 43

Binge eating disorder

Answer 43

Involves distress inducing eating binges that are not accompanied by the purging fasting and excessive exercise seen in bulimia

Question 44

Culture bound disorders

Answer 44

Are abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups

Question 45

Insanity

Answer 45

Is a legal concept indicating that a person cannot be held responsible for their actions because of mental illness

Question 46

Competency

Answer 46

Refers to a defendants capacity to stand trial

Question 47

Involuntary admission

Answer 47

People are hospitalised in psychiatric facilities against their will

Question 48

Representative heuristic

Answer 48

Which is basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event

Question 49

The conjunction fallacy

Answer 49

Occurs when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone

Question 50

The availability heuristic

Answer 50

Which is basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which the relevant instances come to mind

Question 51

Psychopathology

Answer 51

Scientific study of mental emotional and behavioural disorders and maladaptive behaviour

Question 52

Epidemiology

Answer 52

The incidence distribution possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health

Question 53

Comorbidity

Answer 53

Presence of one or more additional diseases or disorders cooccurring

Question 54

Psychosis

Answer 54

An abnormal condition of the mind that involves a “loss of contact with reality”

Question 55

Syndrome

Answer 55

A group of symptoms which consistently occur together

Question 56

Somatoform disorders

Answer 56

A broad group of illnesses which have bodily signs and symptoms as a major component

Question 57

Somatosisation disorder

Answer 57

Marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin

Question 58

Criteria that must be met for somatoform disorders

Answer 58

1) four pain symptoms 2) two gastrointestinal symptoms 3) one sexual symptom 4) one pseudo neurological symptom

Question 59

Conversion disorder

Answer 59

Characterised by a significant loss of a physical function (with no apparent organic basis) usually in a single organ system

Question 60

Hypochondriasis

Answer 60

Characterised by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing illnesses

Question 61

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 61

A pervasive subjective feeling of ugliness of some aspect of their appearance despite normal or nearly normal appearance

Question 62

Dysthymic disorder

Answer 62

Consists of chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to justify diagnosis of major depression