Motives
The needs wants interests ans desires that push people in certain directions
Motivation
Involved goal directed behaviour
A drive
a hypothetical internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension
an Incentive
Is an external goal that has the capacity to motivate behaviour
Drive theories emphasise how internal states of tension ——— people in certain directions
Incentive theories emphasise how external stimuli ——— people in certain directions
Push
Pull
Affiliation motive
A strong need to belong and a strong aversion to rejection
The achievement motive
The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence. The need for achievement involves the desire to excel especially in competition with others
Emotion involves
1) a subjective conscious experience (the cognitive component)
2) accompanied by bodily arousal (the physiological component)
3) and characteristic overt expressions (the behavioural component)
Affective forecasting
Efforts to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events
Polygraph or lie detector
A device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is questioned
Galvanic skin response (GSR)
Which is an increase in electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity
The facial feedback hypothesis
Holds that one’s facial expression directly affects their emotional experience. The facial muscles send signals to the brain that help it recognise the emotion being experienced.
James Lange theory
Different patterns of autonomic activation lead to the experience of different emotions
Evolutionary theories
Consider emotions to be largely innate reactions to certain stimuli
Display rules
Are norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotions
Affiliation motive
The innate drive to form and maintain positive social relationships, a desire to belong to a group, and a need for companionship and approval
Dominance motive
The drive and energy to pursue social power and control over others often through assertive competitive or even aggressive behaviours
