Blood (FINAL) Flashcards by Jessica Denker

Q

What is the general role of blood?

A

Blood is a transport agent

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Q

What type of things does blood transport around the body?

A

Gases (O₂, CO₂)
Nutrients
Hormones
Waste

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Q

What are the four components that make up blood?

A

Plasma
Leukocytes (WBC’s)
Erythrocytes (RBC’s)
Platelets

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Q

Which of the componets of blood are made in the bone marrow?

A

Leukocytes (WBC’s)
Erythrocytes (RBC’s)
Platelets

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Q

What are hemocytoblasts?

A

Blood cell maker (stem cell)

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Q

Which of the component(s) of the blood does diet aid in its formation?

A

Erythrocytes (RBC’s)

Needs iron (Fe²⁺)

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Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Plasma is a liquid that transports:

Hormonnes
Glucose
Wastes
Everything els

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Q

What organ(s) detects O₂ in the body?

A

Liver
Kidney

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Q

When there is too much O₂ in the body what increases in order for the number of RBCs to decrease?

A

Decrease in EPO (Erythropoietin) = Decrease in RBCs

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Q

When there is too little O2 in the body what increases in order for the number of RBCs to increase?

A

Increase in EPO (Erythropoietin) = Increase in RBCs

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Q

What is the general function of leukocytes (WBCs)?

A

Immunity

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Q

What is the general purpose of erythrocytes (RBCs)?

A

Carries O₂

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Q

What is the general function of platelets?

A

Clotting

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Q

What are the 8 steps of processing old RBCs?

A

Old RBCs last 6 weeks
Sent to the liver
The liver takes the hemoglobin out of the old RBCs
The iron from the hemoglobin is sent to the bone marrow
Everything else except the hemoglobin is turned into bilirubin
Bilirubin is turned into bile
The bile is sent through the small intestines
Eventually takes it to the toilet (waste)

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Q

How long do RBCs last?

A

~6 weeks

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Q

What organ does old RBCs get sent to?

A

The liver

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Q

What does the liver do to the old RBC’s

A

Takes the hemoglobin (Fe carring protein) out of the old RBCs

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Q

Where is the Fe²⁺ (iron) sent to after the liver is done processing the hemoglobin?

A

To the bone marrow

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Q

What does the liver turn “everything else” that is not hemoglobin from the old RBCs?

A

To bilirubin

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Q

What is bilirubin?

(Besides the name Dr. Lector gave the senator of Buffola Bill)

A

The waste product of the breaking down of old RBC in the liver

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Q

Which organ produces bilirubin?

A

Liver

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Q

What condition is the result of excess bilirubin in the body?

A

Jaundice

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Q

After the liver has turned parts of the old RBCs into bilirubin, it is then turned into what?

A

Bile

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Q

Bile goes through what organ to be eventually expelled in the toilet as waste?

A

Small intestines

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What type of blood can a patient get with **type A**?

Type A & O

What type of blood can a patient get with **type AB**?

Types A, B, AB, & O

What type of blood can a patient get with **type B**?

Type B & O

What type of blood can a patient get with **type O**?

Type O

Which blood type is a **universal donor**?

Type O

Which blood type is the **universal recipient**?

Type AB

A blood donor has type A blood, who can the donor give blood to?

Recipients with blood types: * A * AB

A blood donor has type B blood, who can the donor give blood to?

Recipients with blood types: * B * AB

A blood donor has type AB blood, who can the donor give blood to?

Recipients with blood types: * AB

A blood donor has type O blood, who can the donor give blood to?

Repicients with blood types: * A * AB * B * O

What is agglutination?

When you mix different blood types together resulting in the RBCs clumping together (part of an immune response) like cottage cheese

What does it mean when blood is Rh+?

The RBC has the Rh antigen

at does it mean when blood is Rh-?

The RBC does NOT have the Rh antigen

What is an antibody?

Immune cells

If a patient with **blood type A+** needs a blood transfusion, who can be the donor?

Blood types donors are: * A+ * A- * O+ * O-

If a patient with **blood type A-** needs a blood transfusion, who can be the donor?

Blood type donors: * A- * O-

If a patient with **blood type AB+** needs a blood transfusion, who can be the donor?

Blood type donors: * A+ * A- * AB+ * AB- * B+ * B- * O+ * O-

If a patient with **blood type AB-** needs a blood transfusion, who can be the donor?

Blood type donors: * A- * B- * AB- * O-

If a patient with **blood type B+** needs a blood transfusion, who can be the donor?

Blood type donors: * B+ * B- * O+ * O-

If a patient with **blood type B+** needs a blood transfusion, who can be the donor?

Blood type donors: * B+ * B- * O+ * O-

If a patient with **blood type B-** needs a blood transfusion, who can be the donor?

Blood type donors: * B- * O-

If a patient with **blood type O+** needs a blood transfusion, who can be the donor?

Blood type donors: * O+ * O-

If a patient with blood type O- needs a blood transfusion, who can be the donor?

Blood type donors: * O-

What blood type with Rh group is the **universal donor**?

Type O-

What blood type with Rh group is the **universal recipient?**

Type AB+

A person with type A+ blood wants to donate blood. Who can be the recipients of their blood?

Recipients with blood types: * A+ * AB+

A person with type A- blood wants to donate blood. Who can be the recipients of their blood?

Recipients with blood types: * A- * AB+ * AB-

A person with type AB+ blood wants to donate blood. Who can be the recipients of their blood?

Recipients with blood type: * AB+

A person with type AB- blood wants to donate blood. Who can be the recipients of their blood?

Recipients with blood types: * AB+ * AB-

A person with type B+ blood wants to donate blood. Who can be the recipients of their blood?

Recipients with blood types: * B+ * AB+

A person with type AB- blood wants to donate blood. Who can be the recipients of their blood?

Recipients with blood types: * AB+ * AB-

A person with type O+ blood wants to donate blood. Who can be the recipients of their blood?

Recipients with blood types: * A+ * AB+ * B+ * O+

A person with type O- blood wants to donate blood. Who can be the recipients of their blood?

Recipients with blood types: * A+ * A- * AB+ * AB- * B+ * B- * O+ * O-

The process of blood clotting is an example of negative or postive feedback?

Positve feedback ## Footnote As clotting gets under way, each step releases chemicals that accelerate the process. This escalating process is a positive feedbackloop that ends with the formation of a blood clot, which patches the vessel wall and stops the bleeding.

What are the first three steps in blood clotting after you cut yourself?

1. The blood vessel spasms to become smaller 2. Platelets plug to cork the wound 3. The blood clotting process

What is the purpose of the blood vessel spasming in the blood clotting process?

To make the blood vessel smaller thus causing less blood flow

The platelet plug causes the formation of what?

A scab

The blood clotting pathways consists of what two different routes (pathways)?

1. Intrinsic Pathway 2. Extrinsic Pathway

What is the location in the blood clotting process for the intrinsic pathway?

Intrinsic = within the blood vessels

What is the location in the blood clotting process for the extrinsic pathway?

Extrinsic = tissue damage (outside of the blood vessel)

What is the order of clotthing factors for the intrinsic pathway?

Factor XII→Factor XI→Factor IX (with Factor VIII) →Factor X

What is the order of clotthing factors for the extrinsic pathway?

Tissue Factor (TF) III → (with Factor VII) ⇒ Factor X

Which blood clotting factor begins the common pathway?

Factor X

Which clotting factor begins the intrinsic pathway?

Factor XII

Which clotting factor begins the extrinsic pathway?

Tissue Factor (TF) III

Tissue Factor III with what other factor begins the common pathway for what pathway?

Tissue factor (TF) III pairs with Factor VII in the extrinsic pathway

Factor XII turns on what bloot clotting factor? Which pathway?

Factor XI Intrinsic pathway

Factor XI turns on what bloot clotting factor? Which pathway?

Factor IX Intrinsic pathway

What two blood clotting factors in the instrinsic pathway turn on the common pathway?

* Factor IX * Factor VIII

The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways have what in common?

Both end in Factor X and have the common pathway

What is the starting factor in the common pathway?

Factor X

Factor X pairs up with what factor to turn on Factor II?

Factor V

What is another name for thrombin?

Factor V

What is another name for Factor V?

Thrombin

Factor II leads to what factor of what pathway?

Factor I (Fibrin) Common pathway

What is another name for Factor I of what pathway?

Fibrin Common pathway

What is another name of Fibrin of what pathway?

Factor I Common pathway

Factor I leads to the final step which is the formation of what?

A clot