Endocrine (FINAL)

Question 1

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 1

• Source: Anterior pituitary
• Target: Bones & muscles
• Type: NSP
• Action: makes you grow

Question 2

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 2

• Source: Anterior pituitary
• Target: Thyroid
• Type: NSP
• Action: Increases activity of thyroid (stimulates the thyroid)

Question 3

Adreno-corticotropic (ACTH)

Answer 3

• Source: Anterior pituitary
• Target: Adrenal cortex
• Type: NSP
• Action: Increases the activity of the adrenal gland

Question 4

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 4

• Source: Anterior pituitary
• Target: Mammary glands
• Type: NSP
• Action: Increases milk production/ lactation

Question 5

Luteinizing (LH)

Answer 5

• Source: Anterior pituitary
• Target: Gonads (ovaries, testes)
• Type: NSP
• Action: Increases activity in gonads = increases ovulation

Question 6

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 6

• Source: Anterior pituitary
• Target: Gonads
• Type: NSP
• Action: Increases activity in gonads = increases egg & increases sperm

Question 7

Anti-Diuretic (ADH)

Answer 7

• Source: Hypothalamus
• Target: Kidneys
• Type: NSP
• Action: “stop peeing” = retain H₂O

Question 8

Oxytocin (OT)

Answer 8

• Source: Hypothalamus
• Target: Mammary glands & uterus
• Type: NSP
• Action: Increases contractions

Question 9

Thyroid (T3 & T4)

Answer 9

Source: Thyroid

Target: All over

Type: NSA

Action: Increases metabolism = increases ATP use (body metabolism)

Question 10

Calcitonin

Answer 10

• Source: Thyroid
• Target: Osteoblasts
• Type: NSP
• Action: Makes bones
  
  • Increase bone = decrease in blood calcium

Question 11

Parathyroid (PTH)

Answer 11

• Source: Parathyroid
• Target: Osteoclasts
• Type: NSP
• Action: Breaks bones
  
  • Decrease in bones = increase in blood calcium

Question 12

Mineral corticoids = “aldosterone”

Answer 12

• Source: Adrenal cortex
• Target: Kidney
• Type: Steroids
• Action: Salt retension in the blood
  
  • Increase in Na = decrease in K

Question 13

Gluco-corticoids = “cortisone”

Answer 13

• Source: Adrenal cortex
• Target: All over
• Type: Steroid
• Action: Increases blood glucose when under stress (sympathetic NS)

Question 14

Sex hormones = “testosterone” & “progresterone”

Answer 14

• Source: Adrenal cortex & gonads
• Target: All over
• Type: Steroid
• Action: Makes you sexy
  
  • Primary & secondary sex characteristics

Question 15

Epinephrine/nonepinephrine = “adrenaline”

Answer 15

• Source: Adrenal medulla
• Target: All over
• Type: NSA
• Action: “Fight or flight”
  
  • Sympathetic response

Question 16

Insulin

Answer 16

• Source: Pancreas (beta cells)
• Target: All over & especially the liver
• Type: NSP
• Action: Lowers blood sugar (glucose) = increases sugar (glucose) use

Question 17

Glucagon

Answer 17

• Source: Pancreas (alpha cells)
• Target: All over & especially the liver
• Type: NSP
• Action: Increase blood sugar (glucose) = decreases sugar (glucose) use

Question 18

Melantonin

Answer 18

• Source: Pineal gland
• Target: Brain
• Type: NSA
• Action: Circadian rhythms

Question 19

Atrial Naturetic Peptide (ANP)

Answer 19

• Source: Heart
• Target: Kindey
• Type: NSP
• Action: decrease Na = increase K in the blood

Question 20

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 20

• Source: Liver & kidneys
• Target: Bone marrow
• Type: NSP
• Action: Increases red blood cells (RBCs)

Question 21

Thymosin

Answer 21

• Source: Thymus
• Target: Bone marrow
• Type: NSP
• Action: Increase T cell function

Question 22

Which hormones are steroidal?

Answer 22

1. Aldosterone
2. Cortisone
3. Testerone

Question 23

Which hormones have a direct antagonist?

Answer 23

1. Calcitonin + PTH
2. Insulin + Glucagon
3. ANP + Aldosterone

Question 24

What are tropic hormones?

Answer 24

Tropic hormones goes from one endocrine gland to another endocrine gland & are all made by the anterior pituitary gland

Question 25

Where do tropic hormones come from?

Answer 25

The anterior pituitary gland

Question 26

What are the tropic hormones?

Answer 26

1. TSH 2. ACTH 3. LH 4. FSH

Question 27

What are releasing hormones (RH)?

Answer 27

Releasing hormones (RH) cause the release or activation of tropic hormones

Question 28

Examples of releasing hormones (RH)?

Answer 28

1. TRH = activates TSH 2. CRN = activates ACTH 3. GnRH (gonads) = acitvates LH & FSH

Question 29

What does it mean when a disorder is classified as primary (1^o)?

Answer 29

* The _organ_ does not work * "The _worker_ is NOT working"

Question 30

What does it mean when a disorder is classified as secondary (2⁰)?

Answer 30

* "_Managment_ is NOT working" * The _wrong orders_ are given to the organ