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Bones Flashcards

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1
Q

Define bone.

A

A rigid organ that forms part of the vertebrate skeleton.

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2
Q

What is the function of bones?

A

Bones provide structure, protect organs, anchor muscles, and store calcium.

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3
Q

True or false: Bones are static and do not change.

A

FALSE

Bones undergo constant remodeling throughout life.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Osteoblasts are responsible for _______ bone formation.

A

new

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5
Q

What is the largest bone in the human body?

A

The femur, or thigh bone.

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6
Q

Define osteoclasts.

A

Cells that break down bone tissue during remodeling.

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7
Q

What is bone marrow?

A

The soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells.

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8
Q

True or false: There are 206 bones in an adult human skeleton.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Cartilage provides _______ at joints.

A

cushioning

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10
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones.

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11
Q

Define compact bone.

A

The dense outer layer of bone that provides strength.

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12
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

A lighter, less dense bone found at the ends of long bones.

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13
Q

True or false: Bones are made mostly of calcium phosphate.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Ligaments connect _______ to bone.

A

bone

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15
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebrae, and ribs.

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16
Q

Define appendicular skeleton.

A

The portion of the skeleton that includes the limbs and pelvic girdle.

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17
Q

What is the function of the skull?

A

To protect the brain and support facial structures.

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18
Q

True or false: The humerus is a bone in the leg.

A

FALSE

The humerus is located in the upper arm.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: Bone remodeling involves the balance of _______ and osteoclast activity.

A

osteoblast

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20
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones.

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21
Q

Define fracture.

A

A break in the continuity of a bone.

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22
Q

What is the healing process of a bone fracture?

A

Inflammation, soft callus formation, hard callus formation, and remodeling.

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23
Q

True or false: Vitamin D is essential for bone health.

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Calcium is crucial for _______ bone strength.

A

maintaining

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25
What is the **function** of the vertebrae?
To protect the spinal cord and support the body.
26
Define **joint**.
A connection between two bones that allows for movement.
27
What is the **role** of synovial fluid?
To lubricate joints and reduce friction.
28
True or false: **Cartilage** can regenerate quickly after injury.
FALSE ## Footnote Cartilage has a limited ability to heal.
29
Fill in the blank: **Articular cartilage** covers the _______ of bones at joints.
ends
30
What is **bone density**?
A measure of the amount of mineral matter in bone.
31
Define **osteogenesis**.
The process of bone formation.
32
What is the **function** of the rib cage?
To protect the heart and lungs.
33
True or false: Bones can store **fat** in the marrow.
TRUE
34
Fill in the blank: **Growth plates** are areas of _______ in growing bones.
cartilage
35
What is **scoliosis**?
A lateral curvature of the spine.
36
Define **arthritis**.
Inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain and stiffness.
37
What is the **function** of the pelvis?
To support the weight of the upper body and protect pelvic organs.
38
True or false: The **patella** is also known as the kneecap.
TRUE
39
Fill in the blank: **Bone scans** are used to detect _______ abnormalities.
bone
40
What is **rickets**?
A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to weak bones.
41
Define **bone graft**.
A surgical procedure to replace or augment bone tissue.
42
What is the **function** of the clavicle?
To connect the arm to the body and stabilize the shoulder.
43
True or false: **Bone health** can be improved with exercise.
TRUE
44
Fill in the blank: **Bone resorption** is the process of _______ bone tissue.
breaking down
45
What is **Paget's disease**?
A chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones.
46
Define **chondrogenesis**.
The process of cartilage formation.
47
What is the **function** of the scapula?
To provide attachment for muscles and connect the humerus to the clavicle.
48
True or false: The **radius** is located on the inner side of the forearm.
FALSE ## Footnote The radius is on the outer side; the ulna is inner.
49
Fill in the blank: **Bone remodeling** is influenced by _______ and mechanical stress.
hormones
50
What is **osteomyelitis**?
An infection in the bone or bone marrow.
51
Define **bone mineral density (BMD)**.
A measurement of the amount of minerals in bone tissue.
52
What is the **function** of the tibia?
To bear weight and support the body's structure.
53
True or false: **Bone fractures** can heal without medical intervention.
TRUE ## Footnote Some minor fractures may heal on their own.
54
Fill in the blank: **Bone spurs** are bony projections that develop on _______ bones.
normal
55
What is **tendon**?
A fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
56
Define **ligament**.
A tough band of tissue that connects bones at a joint.
57
What is the **function** of the fibula?
To provide stability to the ankle and support the tibia.
58
True or false: **Bone density** decreases with age.
TRUE
59
Fill in the blank: **Bone health** can be maintained with adequate _______ intake.
calcium
60
What is **skeleton**?
The internal framework of bones that supports the body.
61
Define **bone remodeling**.
The process where old bone is replaced by new bone tissue.
62
What is the **function** of the humerus?
To allow movement of the arm and support shoulder structure.
63
True or false: **Bone marrow** is involved in blood cell production.
TRUE
64
Fill in the blank: **Vitamin K** is important for _______ bone health.
maintaining
65
What is **bone pain**?
Discomfort or ache in the bone, often due to injury or disease.
66
Define **osteosarcoma**.
A type of bone cancer that typically occurs in the long bones.
67
What is the **function** of the metatarsals?
To support the arch of the foot and allow movement.
68
True or false: **Bone health** is unrelated to nutrition.
FALSE ## Footnote Nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health.
69
Fill in the blank: **Bone fractures** can be classified as _______ or closed.
open
70
What is **joint replacement**?
A surgical procedure to replace a damaged joint with an artificial one.
71
Define **bone density test**.
A medical test that measures the density of minerals in bones.
72
What is the **function** of the phalanges?
To allow movement and dexterity in fingers and toes.
73
True or false: **Exercise** can strengthen bones.
TRUE
74
Fill in the blank: **Bone health** is affected by _______ levels of physical activity.
low
75
What is **bone remodeling**?
The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue.
76
Define **bone health**.
The state of bones being strong, dense, and free from disease.
77
What is the **function** of the ulna?
To allow movement of the forearm and support the elbow joint.
78
True or false: **Healthy bones** can reduce the risk of fractures.
TRUE
79
Fill in the blank: **Weight-bearing exercises** help improve _______ density.
bone
80
What is **bone health education**?
Information and practices aimed at promoting strong and healthy bones.
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