1
Q
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the brain?
A
Control center for homeostasis
it regulates
temperature,
hunger/thirst
sleep cycle
hormone release via the pituitary gland
autonomic nervous system
Receives sensory information
Damage can disrupt basic body regulation
The hypothalamus is closely linked with the limbic system, which is involved in survival instincts, behavior, and emotions.
2
Q
What does the cerebellum facilitate?
A
Controls balance and coordination and fine-tuning of movement
Makes movement smooth and precise if damaged can cause a ataxi (clumsy uncoordinated movement) contains billions of neurons that link with other brain regions and the spinal cord
3
Q
What percentage of total body weight does the brain account for?
A
2 percent
brain requires 20 percent of the body’s blood.
Explains why the brain is so sensitive to hypoxia and poor circulation, think strokes, cardiac arrest, and shock
4
Q
What essential elements are transported by blood to the brain?
A
- Oxygen
- Glucose
Without these elements, brain function deteriorates quickly.
5
Q
How quickly can brain damage or death occur due to oxygen deprivation?
A
Within four to eight minutes
Oxygen deprivation can lead to dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness.
Brain cells begin to die after just 4 mins without O2
By 6-8 min permanent brain damage or death is likely
Early signs of hypoxia in patients; restlessness , anxiety, confusion- always act fast
6
Q
What is the Circle of Willis?
A
A ring of communicating arteries encircling the base of the brain
It provides multiple pathways to supply oxygenated blood to all parts of the brain.
7
Q
What arteries supply blood to the brain?
A
- Carotid arteries
- Vertebral arteries
The carotid arteries run up each side of the neck, while the vertebral arteries run alongside the spinal cord.
8
Q
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A
Circulates around the brain and spinal cord (shock absorber )
Nourishes the brain with glucose and proteins providing energy
guard against infection and removes waste
provides diagnostic clues
CSF flows along the back of the spinal cord and in the central canal.
Helps maintain stable, intracranial pressure
Produced by the ventricles in the brain
protect the brain
9
Q
True or false: The brain requires 20 percent of the body’s blood supply.
A
TRUE
This is significant considering the brain only accounts for 2 percent of total body weight.
10
Q
What does the brain regulate in conjunction with the spinal cord?
A
Nonconscious processes (breathing, heart rate reflexes posture ) conscious (thought, memory learning ) and coordinates most voluntary movement (walking, writing speaking)
. Cns
11
Q
What is the largest part of the brain?
A
Cerebrum
The cerebrum has a heavily folded surface, unique in each person.
Makes up 80% of the brain responsible for thinking, memory, voluntary movement emotions, and sensory processing
Stroke, trauma or tumors in the cerebrum affect higher level functions like speech movement memory personality
12
Q
What are the shallow grooves on the brain called?
A
Sulci separate brain folds
Deep grooves = fissures.
13
Q
What are the four functional areas of the brain known as?
A
- Frontal lobe = voluntary movement decision-making speech and personality
- Parietal lobe = sensory perception, ( touch, temperature, pain, ) spatial awareness
- Occipital lobe =vision
- Temporal lobe = hearing memory language
These lobes are outlined by fissures and large sulci.
Strokes ;
Frontal lobe damage > personality changes poor judgment
Parietal lobe > neglect, difficulty sensing touch
Occipital lobe > vision loss
Temporal lobe > memory problems, trouble understanding speech
14
Q
What is a ridge on the surface of the brain called?
A
Gyrus
Gyri are the raised areas between sulci.
15
Q
What is the function of the thalamus in the brain?
A
information relay station ( touch pain temperature vision hearing)
Helps regulate sleep, alertness, and consciousness
It is located at the center of the brain.
In neuro exams if sensation is impaired, but motor is intact think thalamus involvement
16
Q
What group of structures is known as the limbic system?
A
Involved in survival instincts, behavior, and emotions
The limbic system is closely linked with the hypothalamus.
17
Q
What does the hypothalamus do?
A
Receives sensory information
It plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions.
18
Q
What are the three protective membranes that protect the brain?
A
- Dura mater (tough like paper )
- Arachnoid (spider web )
- Pia mater (soft like tissue )
These membranes are collectively known as the meninges.
Don’t
Ask
Please
19
Q
The outermost membrane of the meninges is called what?
A
Dura mater
The dura mater contains blood vessels and provides the first layer of protection for the brain.
20
Q
What is the middle layer of the meninges composed of?
A
Connective tissue
This layer is known as the arachnoid.
21
Q
The innermost membrane of the meninges lies closest to the brain and is called what?
A
Pia mater
The pia mater is the delicate layer that directly covers the brain.
22
Q
What condition can be diagnosed through the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A
Meningitis
CSF analysis is crucial for identifying various diseases and disorders of the brain and spinal cord.
23
Q
Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced?
A
Choroid plexuses in the ventricles
Choroid plexuses are clusters of thin-walled capillaries lining the walls of the ventricles.
24
Q
What are the main components of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A
- Proteins
- Glucose
- Lymphocytes (normally very few)
These components are essential for brain cell function and protection against infection. Metabolism
25
What is the **pathway** of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the brain?
* Lateral ventricles
* through interventricular foramina > Third ventricle
* through cerebral aqueduct > Fourth ventricle
* Around the spinal cord and brain
## Footnote
The fluid flows from the lateral ventricles into the third and fourth ventricles before circulating around the spinal cord.
26
Fill in the blank: The **cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)** is renewed _______ times a day.
four to five
## Footnote
This renewal process is essential for maintaining the proper function of the brain.
27
What is the **central canal** associated with in terms of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow?
Narrow tube inside the Spinal cord
## Footnote
The central canal is part of the pathway for CSF to flow downward along the spinal cord.
Connected to the ventricles of the brain
28
What are the **three membranes** that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord called?
Meninges
## Footnote
Made up of connective tissue of nerve fibers.
29
What is the **largest part** of the brain?
Cerebrum
## Footnote
It has connections to all parts of the body.
30
Where is the **hypothalamus** situated?
Under the thalamus
## Footnote
It regulates body temperature and controls the autonomic nervous system.(HR, mdigest. )
Also plays a role in hormone regulation
31
What is the **function** of the pituitary gland?
Controls many other endocrine glands
## Footnote
It is often referred to as the 'master gland'.
Work closely with a hypothalamus to regulate hormones
32
What area relays nerve signals to the **cerebral cortex**?
Thalamus
## Footnote
It plays a crucial role in sensory perception.
Decide what century info is important enough to send onto the cortex
33
What vital functions does the **brain stem** regulate?
* Heartbeat
* Respiration
Helps regulate blood pressure and reflexes like swallowing
## Footnote
It is essential for sustaining life.
34
What is the **second largest part** of the brain responsible for balance and posture?
Cerebellum
## Footnote
It is situated behind the brain stem.
Key for balance posture, coordination, and fine motor control
35
What are the two types of **brain tissue**?
* Gray matter
* White matter
## Footnote
They are composed of billions of neurons.
36
What divides the brain into **two hemispheres**?
Longitudinal fissure
## Footnote
Deep groove that separates the brain into the left and right cerebral hemispheres
The left is language, logic analytical task
The right is spatial ability creativity intuition
Communicate via the corpus callosum
37
True or false: The surface of the **cerebrum** is smooth without any folds.
FALSE
## Footnote
The surface is folded into ridges and grooves.
38
True or false: The **cerebellum** is involved in motor control.
TRUE
## Footnote
The cerebellum also plays a role in coordination and balance.
39
Fill in the blank: The **brain stem** connects the brain to the ______.
spinal cord
40
What part of the brain is the **cerebellum** located?
It is located at the back of the brain, under the cerebrum.
41
Define **medulla oblongata**.
It is part of the brain stem that regulates vital functions like heartbeat breathing blood pressure regulation reflexes by coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting
Lowest part of the brain stem located just above the spinal cord
Damages to the medulla is life-threatening since it controls automatic survival function
As a nurse, you assess brainstem function by monitoring, vital signs and checking refluxes like gag and cough
42
What does the **pons** do?
It serves as a bridge between different parts of the nervous system.
Especially between the cerebrum and cerebellum.
Also helps regulate breathing sleep, and facial sensations
Contains important, cranial nerve nuclei that control eyes movement facial expressions, hearing and balance
Damage to the pons can affect respiratory rhythm, facial sensation, and motor control. In nursing assessment abnormal breathing (apneustic breathing ) patterns may indicate pons injury.
43
True or false: The **midbrain** is part of the brain stem.
TRUE
## Footnote
The midbrain is involved in vision, hearing, and motor control arousal, and reflexes 
Upper most part of the brain stem
Damages to the mid brain can impaired eye movement hearing and motor coordination
44
What is the function of the **thalamus**?
It acts as a relay station for sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
Nearly all century signals passed through before reaching the cerebral cortex except smell
Also plate also plays a role in consciousness, alertness and motor control
45
Fill in the blank: The **cerebellum** is primarily involved in ______.
coordination and balance
Injury or disease can cause ataxia, (uncoordinated movement) dizziness, or balance problems
46
What is the **function** of the **hypothalamus**?
It regulates body temperature, hunger, and circadian rhythms.
Also regulate thirst, sleep, emotional activity, and the ANS
Air controls the pituitary gland, linking the nervous system to the endocrine system 
47
True or false: The **cerebrum** is the largest part of the brain.
TRUE
## Footnote
The cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions (thinking, reasoning, memory, emotion, voluntary movement, and sensory interpretation)
Makes up about 80% of total brain mass
48
What does the **corpus callosum** connect?
It connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
Made of white matter
Allows communication between the two sides of the brain
Damage can affect coordination between hemispheres example split brain syndrome
Think “ call someone “
49
Fill in the blank: The **brain stem** includes the **medulla**, **pons**, and ______.
midbrain
Memory trick MPM
50
What is the role of the **cerebral cortex**?
It is involved in complex functions like thinking and decision-making
Memory language, and voluntary motor control
Outer layer of the cerebrum made of gray matter
51
What is the **limbic system**?
A group of interconnected brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and motivation.
“ emotional brain”
Includes the hippocampus (memory) amygdala (emotion/fear) and parts of the hypothalamus (drives, autonomic regulation)
Play a big role and learning stress response and emotional regulation
52
Fill in the blank: The **frontal lobe** is responsible for ______.
decision-making and problem-solving
“CEO of the brain”
Also controlled personality, emotions, judgment, planning, voluntary movement, and speech production
Damage to the frontal lobe can cause changes in personality, poor judgment and motor deficits 
53
What is the **occipital lobe** primarily responsible for?
It processes visual information from the eyes.
54
True or false: The **parietal lobe** processes sensory information.
TRUE
## Footnote
It integrates sensory input from various modalities.
55
What does the **temporal lobe** handle?
It is involved in processing auditory information and memory.
56
Fill in the blank: The **insula** is involved in ______.
self-awareness and emotional regulation
57
What is the **function** of the **ventricles** in the brain?
They produce and contain cerebrospinal fluid.
58
True or false: The **cerebellum** is involved in cognitive functions.
FALSE
## Footnote
The cerebellum mainly focuses on motor control.
59
What is the **role** of the **basal ganglia**?
It is involved in movement regulation and coordination.
60
Fill in the blank: The **brain stem** is essential for ______ functions.
autonomic life-sustaining
61
What does the **hypothalamus** regulate?
It regulates hormonal functions and homeostasis.
62
What is the **average weight** of the adult human brain?
3 lb 20 oz (1.4 kg)
## Footnote
The brain comprises about one-fiftieth of the weight of the whole body.
63
Name the **four main structures** of the brain.
* Cerebrum
* Diencephalon
* Cerebellum
* Brain stem
## Footnote
These structures are anatomically distinct and serve different functions.
64
What is the **cerebral cortex**?
Heavily folded surface of the cerebrum
## Footnote
The cerebrum makes up more than four-fifths of all brain tissues.
65
What is the function of the **cerebellum**?
Organization of motor information for smooth and coordinated movements
## Footnote
The cerebellum forms about one-tenth of the brain's whole volume.
66
What separates the **cerebral hemispheres**?
Deep longitudinal fissure
## Footnote
This fissure divides the cerebrum into two halves.
67
What does the **parietal lobe** perceive and interpret?
Bodily sensations such as touch, temperature, pressure, and pain
## Footnote
This function occurs in the region called the somatosensory cortex.
68
What is a **brain-print**?
Unique pattern of cerebral grooves and bulges
## Footnote
Each person's brain-print is different.
69
What are the functions of the **frontal lobe**?
* Speech production
* Movement initiation
* Aspects of personality
## Footnote
These functions are primarily based in the frontal lobe.
70
What is the **postcentral gyrus**?
An important anatomical landmark on the brain's surface
## Footnote
It is a ridge or bulge located just behind the midpoint from front to rear.
71
What does the **parieto-occipital fissure** demarcate?
Border between parietal and occipital lobes
## Footnote
This fissure is a deep groove in the brain.
72
What is the role of the **temporal lobe**?
* Recognition of sounds
* Tones and loudness processing
* Memory storage
## Footnote
These functions take place in the temporal lobes.
73
What is the **pons**?
Upper portion of the brain stem
## Footnote
It plays a role in relaying signals between different parts of the brain.
74
What is the **function** of the **occipital lobe**?
Analyzing and interpreting visual information
## Footnote
This area receives sensory nerve signals sent by the eyes.
75
What does the **cerebellum** control?
* Timing and accuracy of skilled movements
* Balance
* Posture
## Footnote
Often referred to as the 'little brain'.
76
What are the **four chambers** of the brain known as?
* Lateral ventricles
* Third ventricle
* Fourth ventricle
* Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
## Footnote
The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid and play a role in circulation and protection of the brain.
77
What is the **outer layer** of the cerebrum called?
Gray matter
## Footnote
The gray matter is the cerebral cortex, covering the entire surface of the cerebrum.
78
What does the **white matter** of the cerebrum primarily consist of?
Nerve fibers
## Footnote
White matter forms the bulk of the cerebrum's interior.
79
What is the **largest bundle** of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain called?
Corpus callosum
## Footnote
It contains more than 100 million nerve fibers.
80
The **basal ganglia** is
These structures are involved in motor control and coordination.
81
What is the role of the **thalamus** in the brain?
Major relay station for sensory incoming information except smell
82
The **brain stem** is composed of which main regions?
* Midbrain
* Pons
* Medulla
## Footnote
The brain stem regulates vital functions such as heartbeat and respiration and consciousness
83
What is the **function** of the motor nerve tracts?
Carry instructions for movements to the spinal cord
## Footnote
These tracts cross over in the lower brain stem.
84
What is the **internal capsule**?
Major pathway of nerve fibers
## Footnote
Motor and sensory info can travel
It transmits impulses between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex.
85
True or false: The **cerebral aqueduct** connects the third and fourth ventricles.
TRUE
## Footnote
If blocked can cause csf build up (hydrocephalus )
It allows cerebrospinal fluid to flow between these two ventricles.
86
The **corona radiata** is associated with which type of fibers?
Projection fibers
## Footnote
Bundle of nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with the brainstem and spinal cord
It receives nerve projection fiber
87
What is a **synapse**?
Gap where chemical signals neurotransmitter cross
## Footnote
crucial for communication between neurons.
Many drugs, (antidepressants, seizure meds, pain meds) act as synapses
88
What is the function of the **myelin sheath
Protects axon
## Footnote
increases the speed of electrical impulses along the axon.
Diseases like multiple sclerosis MS = myelin destruction > slow blocked signals.
89
What are **dendrites**?
A neuron structure that receives signals
## Footnote
Dendrites = receive info, axons= send info
90
What is the **Node of Ranvier**?
Gaps in the myelin sheath
## Footnote
Allow rapid signal transmission along the axon. Nerve transmission faster.
This is the “saltatory conduction” concept (signal jumps between nodes)
91
What do **cranial nerves** do?
Transmit signals between the brain and head/neck
## Footnote
12 pairs of cranial nerves, each with specific functions.
92
What is the role of the **Olfactory nerve (I)**?
Sense of Smell
## Footnote
Loss = anosmia
Part of neuro assessment
93
What does the **Optic nerve (II)** control?
Vision
## Footnote
transmits visual information from the retina to brain
Common in neuro exam
94
What is the function of the **Oculomotor nerve (III)**?
Eye movement and pupil constriction
## Footnote
controls most of the eye's movements raises eyelid and constricts pupil
tested with pupillary light reflex (perrla)
95
What does the **Trochlear nerve (IV)** do?
Eye movement
## Footnote
innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye (down)
96
What is the **Trigeminal nerve (V)** responsible for?
* Facial sensation
* Mastication (chewing)
## Footnote
has three branches that provide sensation to the face.
Tested with corneal reflex (blink when touched)
Involved in triageminal neuralgia
97
What is the role of the **Facial nerve (VII)**?
* Facial expression
* Taste
## Footnote
controls muscles of facial expression(smile, frown ) and provides taste sensation front 2/3 tongue
Bell’s palsy affects this nerve
98
What does the **Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)** control?
Hearing and balance
## Footnote
essential for auditory (hearing - cochlear) and vestibular (balance )functions.
Tested with hearing checks, dizziness, and Romberg test
99
What is the function of the **Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)**?
* Taste
* Swallowing
## Footnote
involved in taste back 1/3 of tongue, and the gag reflex.
Important for aspiration risk
100
What does the **Vagus nerve (X)** regulate?
* Vocal cords
* Peristalsis
## Footnote
Also affects heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate
Parasympathetic functions > slows heart, AIDS digestion.
Damage can affect voice, swallowing, and autonomic control
101
What is the role of the **Accessory nerve (XI)**?
Head and shoulder movement
## Footnote
This nerve controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
Tested by asking patient to shrug shoulders or turn head against resistance
102
What does the **Hypoglossal nerve (XII)** control?
Tongue movement
## Footnote
crucial for speech and swallowing.
Check by sticking out tongue
103
What does **encephalo-** refer to?
Brain
## Footnote
Example encephalitis = brain inflammation
104
What does **myelo-** refer to?
Spinal cord
## Footnote
Example myelopathy = spinal cord disorder 
105
What is **gray matter**?
Neuronal cell bodies for processing , decision making
## Footnote
Example Polio virus, destroys gray matter of spinal cord
106
What is **white matter**?
Leuko communication
## Footnote
White matter consists of myelinated axons and is involved in communication between different brain regions. (Highway)
Diseases like MS damage white matter slows conduction
107
What does **neuro-** refer to?
Nerve or neuron
## Footnote
This prefix is used in terms related to the nervous system.
108
What is the function of **astrocytes**?
Support neurons and maintain blood-brain barrier
## Footnote
type of glial cell that play a crucial role in cns
Keep toxins out of the brain
109
What are **Schwann cells**?
Myelinate (regeneration) peripheral nerves
## Footnote
Schwann = pns
110
What is the role of **oligodendrocytes**?
Myelinate central nervous system axons
## Footnote
responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the CNS.
Multiple sclerosis damages these
111
Glial cells
Support and protect neurons
Maintain homeostasis in the nervous system
Provide structural framework
Assist in repair after injury
Act as the support staff of the nervous system
Glial cell dysfunction, contributes to neurodegenerative diseases (multiple sclerosis Alzheimer’s)
112
Main role of Astrocytes
It is a glial cell
Blood-brain barrier (bbb)
Provide nutrients and support for neurons
Help repair brain tissue after injury
Regulate the chemical environment (ions, Neurotransmitters)
Star shaped 
113
Oligodendrocytes
Cns myelin
114
ABC stands for
Airway - breathing- circulation
115
Internal carotid arteries
Supply most of the anterior brain
116
Vertebral arteries
Join to form the basilar artery supply the posterior brain
117
What is the **Greek** term for anatomy?
Anatome
## Footnote
It translates to 'cutting up'.
118
What does the **Latin** term 'dissection' refer to?
Dissection = cutting apart for study
A technique, not synonymous with anatomy
## Footnote
Dissection is a method used in the study of anatomy.
119
What is **cadaveric anatomy**?
Study of preserved (embalmed) bodies with the naked eye (macroscopic)
## Footnote
It involves examining human bodies that have been preserved for study.
120
Define **living anatomy**.
Study of living individuals using clinical methods
## Footnote
It includes techniques like inspection, palpation, and auscultation.
121
What are the two main approaches in living anatomy?
* Regional Anatomy
* Systemic Anatomy
## Footnote
Regional anatomy studies parts, while systemic anatomy studies systems.
122
What does **embryology** focus on?
Study of prenatal development
## Footnote
123
What is the focus of **histology**?
Study of tissues and microscopic structures
## Footnote
It uses light and electron microscopy.
124
Define **surface anatomy**.
Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin
## Footnote
It helps in understanding the relationship between external features and internal structures.
125
What is **radiographic anatomy**?
Study of internal structures through imaging techniques
## Footnote
Techniques include X-rays, ultrasound, and CT scans.
126
What is the focus of **physical anthropology**?
Study of human features, racial differences, and prehistoric remains
127
What is the application of anatomical knowledge in clinical practice?
For diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgeries
## Footnote
Anatomical knowledge is essential for effective medical practice.
128
What does the study of **blood circulation** in the human body involve?
Study of parts and factors influencing circulation
## Footnote
It includes understanding the anatomy of the circulatory system.
129
What does the study of **hereditary information** include?
Genetic mapping and traits
## Footnote
It involves understanding how traits are passed down through generations.
Genetics can influence Disease
130
What do **Sensory (Afferent) Pathways** do?
Carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS
## Footnote
These pathways are responsible for transmitting information about touch, vision, sound, etc.
131
What is the function of **Motor (Efferent) Pathways**?
Transmit CNS commands to muscles and glands
## Footnote
These pathways are crucial for executing movements and responses.
132
What are the two main components of **Higher Functions** in the nervous system?
* Learning and Memory
* Reflexes
## Footnote
Learning and memory involve synaptic plasticity, while reflexes are fast, automatic responses.
133
What role does the **hypothalamus** play in the nervous system?
Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms
## Footnote
It is part of the autonomic system that maintains homeostasis.
134
True or false: The nervous system works through **electrical impulses** and **chemical messengers**.
TRUE
## Footnote
This coordination is essential for body functions, behavior, and adaptation to the environment.
135
What is an example of a **reflex**?
Knee-jerk reflex
## Footnote
This reflex is mediated by spinal circuits and is an automatic response.
136
What do **Sensory (Afferent) Pathways** do?
Carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS
## Footnote
These pathways are responsible for transmitting information about touch, vision, sound, etc.
137
What is the function of **Motor (Efferent) Pathways**?
Transmit CNS commands to muscles and glands
## Footnote
These pathways are crucial for executing movements and responses.
138
What are the two main components of **Higher Functions** in the nervous system?
* Learning and Memory
* Reflexes
139
What role does the **hypothalamus** play in the nervous system?
Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms
## Footnote
It is part of the autonomic system that maintains homeostasis.
140
True or false: The nervous system works through **electrical impulses** and **chemical messengers**.
TRUE
## Footnote
This coordination is essential for body functions, behavior, and adaptation to the environment.
141
What is an example of a **reflex**?
Knee-jerk reflex
## Footnote
This reflex is mediated by spinal circuits and is an automatic response.
142
What are the two main components of the **Central Nervous System (CNS)**?
* Brain
* Spinal cord
## Footnote
The CNS serves as the control center of the nervous system.
143
What does the **Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)** consist of?
* Cranial nerves
* Spinal nerves
## Footnote
The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
144
The **Somatic Nervous System** is responsible for what type of control?
Voluntary skeletal muscle control
## Footnote
It allows for conscious movement of muscles.
145
What does the **Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)** regulate?
Involuntary functions
## Footnote
This includes smooth muscle, heart, and glands.
146
The **Sympathetic Nervous System** is often referred to as what?
"Fight or Flight"
## Footnote
It prepares the body for stressful situations.
147
The **Parasympathetic Nervous System** is known for which response?
"Rest and Digest"
## Footnote
It promotes relaxation and recovery functions.
148
What is the **resting potential** of a neuron?
-70 mV (inside negative)
## Footnote
This is the electrical charge difference across the neuron's membrane at rest.
149
What occurs during **depolarization** in a neuron?
Na+ rushes in
## Footnote
This leads to the generation of an action potential.
150
What happens during **repolarization** in a neuron?
K+ out
## Footnote
This restores the negative charge inside the neuron after depolarization.
151
In myelinated nerves, how does the impulse propagate?
Jumps at nodes of Ranvier (saltatory conduction)
## Footnote
This method of conduction is faster than in unmyelinated nerves.
152
Drugs like antidepressants and opioids often work at what part of the neuron?
Synapses
## Footnote
They influence neurotransmitter activity at the junctions between neurons.
153
MS disease is
Is the disease of myelin sheath which protects the nerves
154
ALS is
Disease of the nerves which then can slowly spread everything to where you can’t breathe
155
Does disease have better chance in PNS or CNS
PNS
Asn Study
flashcards
Decks in class (23)
# Cards
-
Brain155
-
Nervous System301
-
Dermal System106
-
Skeletal System186
-
Digestive System133
-
Urinary System146
-
Clinical74
-
Pharmacology72
-
Bones80
-
Ligaments And Muscles166
-
Brain / Spinal Cord145
-
Math Algebra102
-
Dosage50
-
Medical Term74
-
Female86
-
Men44
-
Kids75
-
Pregnancy96
-
Conversion29
-
Vitals86
-
Ph Balance35
-
Blood63
-
Heart54
