Anatomy 2 > cadaver 3 > Flashcards

cadaver 3 Flashcards

(73 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Name the four infrahyoid muscles

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Thyrohyoid
  3. Omohyoid
  4. Sternothyroid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

A loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus (C1-C3); lies superficial to internal jugular vein in carotid triangle; name means ‘handle of the neck’ in Latin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

A

Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which infrahyoid muscle is NOT innervated by ansa cervicalis and what innervates it?

A

Thyrohyoid muscle; innervated by C1 via the hypoglossal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What nerve roots form the superior root of ansa cervicalis?

A

C1 (travels in hypoglossal nerve before separating in carotid triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the superior root of ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

Superior belly of omohyoid muscle, and upper parts of sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What nerve roots form the inferior root of ansa cervicalis?

A

C2-C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the inferior root of ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, and lower parts of sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two paired arteries that supply the head and neck?

A

Common carotid artery and subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the origin of the left common carotid artery?

A

Arises from the aortic arch within the superior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the origin of the right common carotid artery?

A

Arises from the brachiocephalic trunk posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two branches of the common carotid artery bifurcation?

A
  1. External carotid artery (supplies external head and face structures)
  2. Internal carotid artery (enters cranium, supplies brain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the internal jugular vein a run-off of?

A

Sigmoid sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein arise and exit the cranium?

A

Arises in posterior cranial fossa, exits through jugular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structures accompany the internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus nerve (posteriorly) and common carotid artery (anteromedially) - forms neurovascular bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the internal jugular vein combine with to form the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Subclavian vein at the junction of neck and thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve and what does its name mean?

A

10th cranial nerve; ‘wandering nerve’ in Latin (describes its wide distribution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What percentage of cranial parasympathetic function does the vagus nerve carry?

A

0.75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?

A

Through the jugular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the branches of the vagus nerve in the neck?

A

Pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal nerve (right only), superior/inferior cervical cardiac branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What muscles does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT cricothyroid muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the asymmetry of the recurrent laryngeal nerves

A

Left nerve loops under aortic arch; Right nerve loops under right subclavian artery; both travel alongside trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the only muscle that can open the vocal folds and what innervates it?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle; innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the clinical consequences of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury?

A

Inability to speak, severe breathing difficulty, potentially life-threatening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What percentage of thyroid surgeries result in permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve damage?
0.3-3% (transient paralysis in 3-8%)
26
What are the contents of the quadrangular space of Velpeau?
Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
27
What nerve roots form the axillary nerve?
C5 and C6 (from posterior cord of brachial plexus)
28
What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?
Deltoid muscle and teres minor muscle
29
What sensory area does the axillary nerve supply?
Skin overlying deltoid region (regimental badge area)
30
Where is the axillary nerve susceptible to damage?
Passes posteriorly around surgical neck of humerus (vulnerable in fractures)
31
What is the origin of the left subclavian artery?
Directly from aortic arch, distal to origin of left common carotid artery
32
What is the origin of the right subclavian artery?
From brachiocephalic trunk along with right common carotid artery
33
What are the three parts of the subclavian artery based on anterior scalene muscle?
1. Prescalene part (before medial border) 2. Retroscalene part (posterior to muscle) 3. Postscalene part (after lateral border)
34
Where does the subclavian artery terminate and what does it become?
At lateral border of first rib; becomes axillary artery
35
What are the branches of the first (prescalene) part of subclavian artery?
1. Vertebral artery 2. Internal thoracic artery 3. Thyrocervical trunk
36
What does the vertebral artery supply?
Upper spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of brain
37
What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
1. Inferior thyroid artery 2. Suprascapular artery 3. Ascending cervical artery 4. Transverse cervical artery
38
What structures does the inferior thyroid artery supply?
Larynx, pharynx, trachea, platysma, esophagus, thyroid/parathyroid glands
39
What is the branch of the second (retroscalene) part of subclavian artery?
Costocervical trunk (supplies posterior cervical muscles and upper thorax)
40
What is the branch of the third (postscalene) part of subclavian artery?
Dorsal scapular artery (supplies trapezius, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles)
41
What is the mnemonic for subclavian artery branches?
VIT C and D (Vertebral, Internal thoracic, Thyrocervical trunk, Costocervical trunk, Dorsal scapular)
42
Describe the course of the cephalic vein
Drains dorsal venous network of hand → crosses anatomical snuffbox → ascends forearm → passes between deltoid and pectoralis major (deltopectoral groove) → empties into axillary vein
43
Where does the cephalic vein communicate with the basilic vein?
Via median cubital vein at the elbow
44
What is the clinical significance of the cephalic vein in deltopectoral groove?
Good site for venous access; permanent pacemaker leads often placed here
45
Describe the course of the basilic vein
Runs down ulnar side of arm → drains dorsal venous network → pierces deep fascia at elbow → joins brachial vein to form axillary vein
46
What is the median cubital vein?
Superficial vein connecting cephalic and basilic veins; lies in cubital fossa superficial to bicipital aponeurosis
47
Why is the median cubital vein preferred for venipuncture?
Particularly wide lumen and tendency to remain stationary upon needle insertion
48
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Superior: inguinal ligament Lateral: medial border of sartorius Medial: medial border of adductor longus
49
What forms the roof and floor of the femoral triangle?
Roof: fascia lata Floor: pectineus, iliopsoas, and adductor longus muscles
50
What are the contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)?
Femoral Nerve, Femoral Artery, Femoral Vein, Femoral canal (mnemonic: NAVY)
51
What does the femoral canal contain?
Deep lymph nodes and vessels
52
Describe the course of the great saphenous vein
Starts from dorsal venous network of foot → passes superficial to medial malleolus → ascends medial thigh → passes through saphenous opening → drains into femoral vein at saphenofemoral junction
53
What causes varicose veins?
Incompetence of valves in superficial veins (which normally ensure one-way blood flow)
54
What is the common femoral artery a continuation of?
External iliac artery (extending from inguinal ligament to popliteal artery)
55
What is the adductor hiatus?
Hiatus between adductor magnus muscle and femur; allows passage of femoral vessels from anterior thigh to posterior thigh and popliteal fossa; termination of adductor canal; 8-13.5 cm superior to adductor tubercle
56
What are the branches of the common femoral artery?
1. Superficial circumflex iliac artery 2. Superficial epigastric artery 3. Superficial external pudendal artery 4. Deep external pudendal artery 5. Deep femoral artery
57
What nerve roots form the lumbar plexus?
Anterior rami of L1, L2, L3, L4, and contribution from T12
58
What nerve roots form the genitofemoral nerve?
L1 and L2
59
Where does the genitofemoral nerve originate and what are its terminal branches?
Originates in psoas major muscle → bifurcates into femoral (lumboinguinal) branch and genital branch
60
What does the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve innervate?
Skin of anterior scrotum (males) or mons pubis/labia majora (females); motor to cremaster muscle (males)
61
What does the femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve innervate?
Skin on upper anterior thigh
62
What nerve roots form the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
L2 and L3
63
What is meralgia paresthetica?
Condition associated with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve compression
64
What are the two branches of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in the thigh?
Anterior branch: skin of anterolateral thigh to knee Posterior branch: skin of lateral greater trochanter to mid-thigh, sometimes gluteal region
65
What nerve roots form the femoral nerve?
L2, L3, L4 (from posterior cords of lumbar plexus)
66
Where does the femoral nerve emerge and enter the femoral triangle?
Emerges from lower lateral border of psoas major → descends beneath midpoint of inguinal ligament → enters femoral triangle lateral to femoral artery and vein
67
What does the anterior division of femoral nerve supply?
Medial cutaneous and intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh; sartorius muscle
68
What does the posterior division of femoral nerve supply?
Quadriceps femoris muscle (vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris)
69
What is the terminal branch of the femoral nerve?
Saphenous nerve
70
What is unique about the saphenous nerve?
Largest terminal cutaneous branch of femoral nerve; longest nerve in body; sensory only
71
What does the saphenous nerve supply?
Sensory to prepatellar skin and skin of medial side of leg and foot
72
Through what structure does the saphenous nerve descend?
Adductor canal
73
What does the femoral nerve supply before entering the femoral triangle?
Iliacus muscle and articular branches to hip and knee joint capsules
Anatomy 2
flashcards
Decks in class (30)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions