Campylobacter

Question 1

Characteristics

Answer 1

• gram -ve
• oxidase +ve
• corkscrew motility
• spiral shaped rods
• microaerophilic

Question 2

2 types that cause enteritis

Answer 2

• C. jejuni
• C. Coli

Question 3

3 types that cause infertility and abortion

Answer 3

• C. Jejuni
• C. Fetus ssp venerealis
• C. Fetus ssp fetus

Question 4

Who 1st recognized campylobacter, what yr, and how did he describe it?

Answer 4

• theodore escherich
• 1886
• called it cholera infantum when found in intestines of kids

Question 5

Yr found in human feces

Answer 5

1968

Question 6

Yr recognized as human pathogen

Answer 6

1970

Question 7

C. Jejuni and C. Coli are the most common causes of….

Answer 7

Human and animal gastroenteritis

Question 8

Which 2 types are usually found in GIT of birds, and domestic/wild animals

Answer 8

C. Jejuni & C. Coli

Question 9

Most common type in K9 poop

Answer 9

C. Upsaliensis

Question 10

2 strains isolated from pigs

Answer 10

C. Hyointestinalis and C. Mucosalis

Question 11

GIT and gallbladder of ruminants are a reservoir for what type?

Answer 11

C. Fetus

Question 12

Species C. Jejuni and C. Coli affect

Answer 12

Ruminants, poultry, K9, cats, mink, ferrets, pigs, non-human primates

Question 13

C. Fetus ssp fetus is found in

Answer 13

Ruminants

Question 14

C. Fetus ssp venerealis found in

Answer 14

Cattle

Question 15

General incubation pd

Answer 15

• short
• enteritis within 3 days in puppies, chicks, and poults

Question 16

Clinical signs of C. Jejuni and C. Coli

Answer 16

Gastroenteritis in all animals

Question 17

Clin signs of C. Fetus ssp fetus (general)

Answer 17

• abortions
• stillbirth
• infertility

Question 18

Clin signs of C. Fetus ssp fetus in goats and sheep

Answer 18

• late term abort.
• weak lambs
• metritis
• death

Question 19

Clin signs of C. Fetus ssp venerealis (5)

Answer 19

• infertility
• early embryonic death
• prolonged calving szn
• occasional abortion
• mucopurulent endometritis

Question 20

Which 2 types cause donut-like lesions on the liver

Answer 20

C. Jejuni & C. Fetus sssp fetus

Question 21

C. Fetus in humans

Answer 21

• opportunistic
• causes syst. Infect
• immunocomp. @ risk

Question 22

Communicability of Campylobacter species

Answer 22

• zoonotic
• spread by direct contact, fomites, arthropods (mechanical), AI, contaminated food and water

Question 23

Communicability (what is it spread by & is it zoonotic)

Answer 23

• zoonotic
• spread by: direct contact, fomites, arthropods (mechanical), AI, contaminated H2O and food

Question 24

Microscopic diagnosis

Answer 24

• visualization: curved, spiral rods via phase-contrast or dark-field microscopy
• campylobacter enteritis

Question 25

Definitive diagnosis (4)

Answer 25

- isolate via selective media & reduced O2 tension - preserve fetal & placental tissues at 4 deg C - microaerophilic conditions - ELISA (research), molecular detection, PCR, serology

Question 26

Distinguish C. jejuni from C. Fetus

Answer 26

- C. Fetus grows well @ 37 deg C and susceptible to cephalothin

Question 27

Agar used to diagnose campyloabcter spp

Answer 27

Remel campy blood agar

Question 28

Diagnosing Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (C. Fetus spp venerealis)

Answer 28

- IgA in cervical mucus - vaginal mucus agglutination test - ELISA - culture bacteria from discharge and sheath washings

Question 29

Postmortem lesions (5)

Answer 29

- congested & edematous colon - hemorrhagic colitis - edematous LN - mild placentitis - autolyzed fetus

Question 30

Human treatment

Answer 30

- usually self-resolving - drink fluids to prev. Dehyd. - antibiotics for sever or high risk patients - macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin) can shorten

Question 31

Guillain-barre syndrome

Answer 31

- rare complication of campylobacter jejuni in humans - immune syst damages nerves causing muscle weakness & sometimes paralysis - starts several wks after person gets sick - intensive care req.

Question 32

Good alternative antibiotic

Answer 32

- tylosin

Question 33

Which 2 antibiotics can increase drug resistance

Answer 33

Enrofloxacin and metronidazole

Question 34

Vx for bovine genital campylobacteriosis

Answer 34

- accelerates bacterial elimination - given once @ 4 wks before breeding starts - revaccinate halfway through breeding season

Question 35

Tx bovine genital campylobacteriosis

Answer 35

- animals given 2x dose for cows, 3 wks apart - 1 -2 treatments w/ streptomycin at 20 mg/kg SQ, 5g streptomycin in oil-based solution applied to penis for 3 consecutive days

Question 36

Human prevention

Answer 36

- avoid raw dairy prod. & undercooked meat - separate raw foods - good hygiene - avoid sick animals - no vx

Question 37

Prev in animals

Answer 37

- vx for ovine abortion and bovine genital campy. - poultry: sanitation, exclude pests, all-in/out, closed flock

Question 38

Disinfection

Answer 38

- 1% sodium hypochlorate - 70% ethanol - 2% glutaraldehyde - iodine based disinf. - phenolic disinf. - formaldehyde - moist/ dry heat - gamma irrradiation - UV radiation