Overview

Question 1

Usefulness of microbes

Answer 1

• decompose organic waste
• primary producers (photosynthesis)
• prod. industrial chemicals
• prod. fermented foods
• prod. products used in manufacturing

Question 2

Disease causing microbes

Answer 2

• 5% of all microbes
• 3 classifications: invasiveness, toxigenicity, super antigen

Question 3

Super antigens

Answer 3

Allows body to overreact w/ WBCs, inflammation, etc

Question 4

Biogenesis

Answer 4

• Hypothesis that life arose from pre-existing life
• Pasteur, Spallanzani, & Redi

Question 5

Spontaneous generation

Answer 5

• Living organisms arose from non-living matter
• Needham

Question 6

Louis Pasteur experiment 1861

Answer 6

• disproved spontaneous generation theory
• bend prevented microbes from entering flask
• microorganisms not present after long time pds

Question 7

Why are Hans & Zacharias Janssen important?

Answer 7

• 1590
• prod. 1st compound microscope by mounting 2 lenses

Question 8

Why is Anton Van Leeuwenhoek important?

Answer 8

• 1676
• 1st person to observe & publish microbes
• microbes from teeth scraping, rainwater, & peppercorn infusions

Question 9

Why are carl zeiss & ernst abbe important?

Answer 9

• 1883
• dev. immersion lenses & apochromatic lenses that reduce chromatic aberration

Question 10

What did Ernst ruska do in 1933?

Answer 10

Constructed 1st electron microscope

Question 11

How do microbes help humans?

Answer 11

• recycle vital elements
• sewage treatment
• bioremediation
• pest control

Question 12

Microbes & disease

Answer 12

• resistance can be: physical, chemical, biological, and mechanical
• natural & acquired resistance
• infectious disease

Question 13

Other than disproving a theory, what did Louis Pasteur contribute to science?

Answer 13

• changes in hospital practices to minimize microbe spreading
• discovered weakened forms of microbes could be used ti immunize against stronger forms of the microbes

Question 14

What did Robert Koch contribute to Science?

Answer 14

• ID spore stage of anthrax (1st time causative agent of disease ID)
• disc. Mycobacterium tuberculosis & tuberculin skin test
• created “ koch’s postulates”

Question 15

What is the gist of Koch’s postulates?

Answer 15

• conditions that must be satisfied before accepting that a particular bacteria causes a specific disease

Question 16

What did Edward Jenner contribute to science?

Answer 16

• discovered vaccination
• vaccinated a young, healthy boy w/ cowpox & 2 mos later he was protected

Question 17

What did Alexander Fleming do?

Answer 17

• discovered 1st antibiotic
• observed that penicillium fungus prod. penicillin

Question 18

Bacteriology

Answer 18

• prokaryotic
• mycoplasma & thiomargarita
• normal/ pathogenic bacteria
• archaea bacteria
• methanogen
• halophiles
• thermophiles

Question 19

2 forms of fungi are

Answer 19

Yeast & mold

Question 20

Fungi get nutrition via

Answer 20

Absorption of organic matter

Question 21

3 uses of fungi

Answer 21

Medical, ag, and ecological

Question 22

Trichopyton spores have

Answer 22

Hyphae

Question 23

Parasitology

Answer 23

• helminthology: study of worms, flat, round, & tape
• protozoology: amoeba and plasmodium

Question 24

Immunology

Answer 24

• started by Jenner in 1796
• innate/acquired immunity

-WBCs and vx

• lancefield streptococcus grouping

Question 25

Virology

Answer 25

- started by Iwanowski & Stanley -viruses not seen via light microscope - viruses are non- living

Question 26

Viral EIDs

Answer 26

- Avian & swine influenza - Severe acute resp. syndrome - west nile encephalitis - ebola & marburg hemorrhagic fever - HIV

Question 27

Prion EIDs

Answer 27

- bovine spongiform encephalopathy & mad cow disease - creutzfeldt-jakob disease

Question 28

Bacterial EIDs

Answer 28

- E. coli O157: H7 - group A streptococci, flesh eating bacteria - tuberculosis -MRSA