cardiovascular study guide 2

Question 1

Drains Axillary Artery

Answer 1

Subclavian

Question 2

Drains External Jugular Veins

Answer 2

Subclavian

Question 3

Drains Radial Vein

Answer 3

Axillary Vein

Question 4

Drains Superior Vena CAva

Answer 4

Right Atrium

Question 5

Origin of Brachiocephalic Artery

Answer 5

Aortic Arch

Question 6

Origin of Celiac Trunk

Answer 6

Abdominal Aorta

Question 7

Origin of Internal Carotid Artery

Answer 7

Common Carotid Artery

Question 8

Origin of Radial Artery

Answer 8

Bifurcation of the Brachial

Question 9

vessels with the lowest resistance

Answer 9

Veins

Question 10

The only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood

Answer 10

Pulmonary Arteries

Question 11

The only veins to carry oxygenated blood

Answer 11

Pulmonary Veins

Question 12

Facts about Capillaries:

Answer 12

1. They are transparent
2. One cell layer thick-Tunica Interna
3. They connect arteries to veins
4. Capillaries do not function on their own
   (they form capillary beds)

Question 13

3 Types of Capillaries

Answer 13

1. CONTINUOUS-Unitrerupted lining
2. FENESTRATED-Have (windows) pores
   in the endothelial cells
3. SINUSOIDAL-Special type of
   fenestrated capillaries with larger
   openings in the endothelial

Question 14

Blood Pressure Facts:

Answer 14

Systole-Higher number on top (when heart beats)
Diastole-Lower number on bottom (when heart relaxes)
Normal blood pressure 120/80

Question 15

Called the “resistance vessel” it regulates the arterial blood pressure

Answer 15

Arterioles

Question 16

Facts about Arteries:

Answer 16

Thicker than Veins

Retain cylindrical shape

More resillient when stretched

Question 17

3 Types of Blood Vessels

Answer 17

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries

Question 18

Functions of Tunics of Arteries:

Answer 18

1. Tunica Intima-Cells form slick layer thad reduces friction
2. Tunica Media-Muscle cells are in spiral formation to help contact + dilate to maintain blood pressure
3. Tunica Adventitia (Tunica Externa)-Anchors + protect blood vessels + supplies blood vessels itself with blood

Question 19

Functions of Valves of Heart:

Answer 19

To prevent the backflow of blood into the heart during the period of time where the heart doesn’t beat + to Segment the heart into chambers

Question 20

Factors That Influence Heart Rate

Answer 20

1. Body Temperature(if body temp. changes so does heart rate)
2. Eating (heart rate increases to aid digestion)
3. Exercise
4. Age (decreases as you age)
5. Gender (women have higher heart rate than men)
6. Caffeine + Other Drugs
   (caffeine-raises it + some meds lower it)

Question 21

Factors That Influence Blood Pressure

Answer 21

1. Age (high or low)
2. Medications
3. Health Conditions
4. Tobacco Use (high)
5. Pregnancy (high)

Question 22

Functions of Various parts of Conduction of Heart:

Answer 22

Conduction starts at pacemaker region-Sinoatrial Node (SA Node).
From here conduction passes to Atrioventricular Node (AV Node).
From here stimulation passes through bundle of HIS which carries conduction to the Septum where 2 bundle branches pick it up. These branches carry the conduction the base of the septum where they separate into the Perkinje Fibers.
These fibers carry the conduction all around the heart.

Question 23

What is blood cell formation called

Answer 23

Hematopoiesis

Question 24

Blood Cell Formation is:

Answer 24

The continuous process by which blood cells are replenished as needed. Cells divided into 3 groups RBCs, WBCs, Platelets (Thrombocytes). Blood cells do NOT originate in bloodstream but in marrow of certain bones.

Question 25

Branches of Abdominal Aorta | Portion of Aorta which descends into abdominal cavity

Answer 25

Branches 1. Visceral-Supply organs in abdomen, renals, testicles + ovaries 2. Parietal-supply diaphragm from below + posterior abdominal walls 3. Terminal-supply organs of the pelvis, pelvic wall, and the paired common illiacs-supply to lower extremities

Question 26

A contractile protein of high molecular weight that is important in maintaining cell shape. A component in the membrane of RBCs that give cells flexibility

Answer 26

Spectrin

Question 27

What are the parts of Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 27

System of blood vessels that carries blood from Left Ventricle to lungs + back to Left Atrium. The heart pumps blood from Right Ventricle into a short vessel-Pulmonary Trunk. The Pulmonary Trunk branches into Right + Left Pulmonary Arteries, one transporting blood to each lung. In lungs-gas exchange occurs between the air in lungs + blood. Two Pulmonary veins exit each lung + enter the left Atrium.

Question 28

Blood Pressure in Arteries, Veins + Capillaries

Answer 28

Pressure in large arteries near heart is higher + continues to drop throughout the pathway of those arteries further away from heart. It reaches 0 or negative pressure at the Vena Cava Arteries have higher pressure than in veins

Question 29

Comparison of chest pain (Heart pain vs. Pleurisy) ``` CHEST PAIN Cause of pain may be unknown May be caused from trauma May resolve with ice/ warm compress May take Anti Inflammatory Meds ```

Answer 29

PLEURISY-Inflammation of pleura (lining of pleural cavity surrounding lungs) Lungs slide along chest wall when deep breath taken Most common cause-Viral Infections Severe sharp pains in chest with Inhalation Pain worsens with deep breaths, cough, sneeze, laughing Pain may stay in one place or spread to shoulder or back Rapid shallow breath Ventricular Tachycardia Shortness of Breath Fatigue, Anxiety Pain in arms neck, jaw Duration of Pain may vary Usually treated with Anti Inflammatory or Fluid may be drawn

Question 30

Stem cell in Blood Cell Formation

Answer 30

All formed element of the blood are derived from a single population of stem cells called hemocytoblasts located in red bone marrow HEMATOCYTOBLASTS-precursor cells capable of dividing into daughter cells that can differentiate into various types of blood cells PROERYTHROBLASTS-from which RBCs develop MYELOBLASTS-from which Basophils, Eosinophils, + Neutrophils develop LYMPHOBLASTS-Lymphocytes develop MONOBLASTS-Monocytes develop MEGAKARYOCYTES- Platelets develop Development of cell lines regulated by GROWTH FACTORS

Question 31

Structure of Heart Walls

Answer 31

1. Epicardium-Visceral pericardium covers hearts outer surface 2. Myocardium-Muscular wall (bulk of heart) 3. Epithelium-cover inner surface of heart including valves

Question 32

what is Visceral Layer

Answer 32

The visceral layer is next to heart (Epicardium) | Usually thin + delicate

Question 33

Characteristics of Pericardial Cavity

Answer 33

Is an anatomical space located between the outside surface of the heart and the pericardium of heart. It is filled with pericardial fluid- (serves as a shock absorber to reduce friction between pericardial membrane)

Question 34

Facts about Left Subclavian Artery

Answer 34

Large vessel that supplies oxygen rich blood to chest + upper limbs It is located under the clavicles Left side branches directly off Aortic Arch It is divided into 3 parts Supplies the vertebral column, spinal cord, ear, and brain 2nd short part lies dorsal to Scalenus Anterior and forms arch described by vessel 3rd part runs from Scaleunu Anterior to 1st rib, where it becomes the Axillary Artery