final study guide 101-5

Question 1

Resting and Digesting of ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)

Answer 1

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 2

Nerves that carry impulses to Central Nervous System

Answer 2

Sensory Neurons

Question 3

Sella Tunica of Sphenoid

Answer 3

A depression on the upper surface of the sphenoid bone, lodging the pituitary gland

Question 4

Main elements for nervous impulses

Answer 4

SODIUM + POTASSIUM

Question 5

What is Haversian System

Answer 5

The basic unit of compact bone consisting of haversian canal, lamellae
(also called osteon)

Question 6

What is the make up of myosin

Proteins important in movement of muscles in the body

Answer 6

1. Made up on many individual myosin protein molecules
2. Myosin protein is NOT globular
3. It has a head and a tail
4. Each complete myosin molecule in muscle is composed of 2 or 3 head-and-tail molecules, twisted around each other
5. Then, to make the myosin filament, you have to take these doublet myosin molecules and put them together into large bundles
6. This big wad of myosin proteins, is then called the THICK FILAMENT
7. A single thick filament has over 200 myosin molecules
8. It is really thick!

Question 7

What prepares your body for a fight or flight response

a physiological reaction in response to stress

Answer 7

EPINEPHRINE (ADRENALINE)

Question 8

What works for motion sickness

Answer 8

1. Acupressure
2. Ginger
3. Over-the-Counter Antihistamines
4. Perscription Patch (worn behind ear)
5. Perscription Rezatrptan
6. Dramamine

Question 9

Where is flagellum found

Answer 9

The cilia of a cell, particularly eukaryotic cells ( located just around the cells body)
The flagella-the tail part of most cells (sperm cells)

Question 10

Functions of Astrocytes

Answer 10

1. Protects neurons from harmful substances in blood

2. Helps control chemical environment in brain

Question 11

Evaluating the amount of Damage Done Due to Burns

Answer 11

1st Degree

1. Involves only Epidermis
2. Redness, Pain, Slight Swelling
3. Can be caused by sunburn or exposure to hot or cold objects
4. Heal in week or 2, with no scar

2nd Degree

1. Damage Epidermis + Dermis
2. Causes Redness, Pain, Swelling, Blisters
3. Heal in approximately in 2 weeks
4. No Scarring

3rd Degree

1. Epidermis and Dermis are completely destroyed
2. Often surrounded by 1st and 2nd degree burns (which are painful)
3. the 3rd degree burns often painless because sensory receptors have been destroyed
4. Appear white, tan, brown, black, or deep cherry red

Question 12

Stretching of Muscles

Answer 12

1. Form of physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon is deliberately flexed or stretched in order to improve the muscles felt, elasticity + achieve comfortable muscle tone
   Result–Feel of increased muscle control, flexibility + range of motion
   Stretching helps alleviate cramps

Question 13

4 Elements of Human Body

Answer 13

1. Carbon
2. Oxygen
3. Nitrogen
4. Hydrogen

Question 14

What is Diaphysis

Answer 14

Shaft of long bones between the epiphyses

Question 15

What is Epiphyseal Line

Answer 15

On the surface of an adult long bone, marking the junction (where they come together) of the epiphysis + diaphysis

Question 16

What is the Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 16

Thin plate of cartilagge between epiphysis + shaft of a long bone

Question 17

What is Gouty Arthritis

Answer 17

Attack that is extremely painful with joint inflammation due to deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint fluid + joint lining

Question 18

Survival Needs of the Body

Answer 18

1. Proper Body Temperature
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Atmospheric Pressure

Question 19

Where do Cranial Bones Originate From

Answer 19

Sutures

Question 20

Amino Acids + Peptides = __________

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 21

How does Ach work in Synaptic Clefts

Answer 21

1. The normal stimulus for neurmtransmitter release is the depolarization of the synaptic cleft by the arrival of an action potential
2. The entry of calcium ions into the synaptic cleft, triggering the exocytosis of Ach
3. The depolarization of the synaptic cleft opens voltage-regulated calcium channels
   In the brief period during which these channels remain open–calcium ions rush into the synaptic cleft
4. Their arrival triggers exocytosis and the release of Ach into the synaptic cleft
   The release of Ach stops very soon
5. The Ach released through exocytosis diffuses across the synaptic cleft toward receptiors
6. The more Ach released through the presynaptic membrane, the larger the depolarization
7. The Ach molecules that succeed in binding to recpetor sites are broken down within 20 msec. of their arrival
8. The enzyme AChE breaks down molecules of Ach into acetate and choline
9. The choline is absorbed by the synaptic cleft and is used to synthesize more Ach