final study guide 201-2

Question 1

Function of Cholecystokinin

Answer 1

A hormone produced by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats, causing contraction of the gallbladder, release of bile, and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes

Question 2

The 3rd and longest portion of the small intestine, between the jejunuum and the cecum

Answer 2

Ileum

Question 3

The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
The middle part of the small intestine

Answer 3

Jejunum

Question 4

A reduction in the number of WHITE CELLS in the blood, typical to various diseases

Answer 4

Leukopenia

Question 5

1. The MIDDLE layer of an embryo in early development
2. Lies between the the ectoderm and endoderm
3. Bone, connective tissue, muscle, blood, vascular and lymphatic tissue, and the pleurae of the pericardium and peritoneum are all derived from this

Answer 5

Mesoderm

Question 6

1. The release of the egg (ovum) from the ovary
2. The egg is released when the cavity surrounding it (the follicle) breaks open in response to a hormonal signal
3. It occurs around 14 or 15 days from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual cycle.
   When this occurs the ovum moves into the fallopian tube and becomes available for fertilization

Answer 6

Ovulation

Question 7

1. Are found in the male gonads of sexually reproducing organisms
2. They are found in the seminferous tubules of the testis
3. They carry out meiosis to produce spermatids–which in turn give rise to mature sperm cells
4. A diploid cell that undergoes meoisis to form 4 spermatids

Answer 7

Spermatocyte

Question 8

A ring of smooth muscle fibers around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum

Answer 8

Pyloric Sphincter

Question 9

1. Process by which nutrients pass through the lining of the digestive system
2. The uptake of molecules by the cells of the small intestine

Answer 9

Absorption

Question 10

The process by which food is broken down into absorbable units

Answer 10

Digestion

Question 11

Any of the 3 layers of cells of the embryo from which the tissues and organs develop

Answer 11

Germ Layer

Question 12

Consumption. The process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)

Answer 12

Ingestion

Question 13

1. A form of immunity which occurs when antibodies are transferred from one person to another individual,
2. Or when antibodies of animal origin are introduced to a human. This type of immunity is short acting

Answer 13

Passive Immunity

Question 14

1. Liquid, anything fluid usually. It can be from blood to urine and everything in between. Saliva, semen, etc.
2. A process by which substances are discharged from a cell, gland, or organ

Answer 14

Secretions

Question 15

The synthesis of glucose from molecules that are not carbohydrates, such as amino and fatty acids Especially by the liver.

Answer 15

Gluconeogenesis

Question 16

Of or relating to an immature male germ cell that divides to form many spermatocytes

Answer 16

Spermatogonia

Question 17

What is the function of a nephron

functional unit of a kidney

Answer 17

1. Its chief function is to–regulate water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine
2. They eliminate wastes from the body
3. Regulate blood volume and pressure
4. Controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites
5. Regulate blood pH

Question 18

The part of a kidney tubule that forms a long loop in the medulla of the kidney, from which water and salts are resorbed into the blood

Answer 18

Loop of Henle

Question 19

What is the Function of the Scrotum

Answer 19

A sac to hold and support the testis outside the body, allowing sperm to develop at a temperature lower that that of the internal body

Question 20

The numerous areas of lymphoid tissue in the wall of the small intestine that are involved in the development of immunity to antigens present there

Answer 20

Peyer’s Patches

Question 21

Function of Hemocytoblast

Type of stem cell in bone marrow

Answer 21

Capable of developing into any type of blood cell

Question 22

Function of Cells in Aveoli

Answer 22

1. Forms structures of alveolar walls
2. Secrete pulmonary surfactant–To lower surface tension of water + allows the membrane to separate, increasing its capability to exchange gases
3. Destroy foreign material (bacteria)

Question 23

What triggers Antibodies

Answer 23

Antigens

Once the immune system detects the presence of antigens, it triggers an antibody response

Question 24

What substances needed for normal RBC

(red blood cell) production

Answer 24

1. Folic acid
2. Vitamin b12
3. Needs Intrinsic Factor derived from stomach for absorption, of B12

Question 25

An enzyme that helps digest CHO (carbohydrates)

Answer 25

Amylase

Question 26

Enzyme that aids in the breakdown of triglycerides

Answer 26

Lipase

Question 27

Why do we need dietary fats

Answer 27

``` 1. Provides ENERGY needed for growth and basic body functions 2. Cushions your organs 3. Helps body absorb fat-soluble vitamins 4. Contributes to health of skin 5. HELPS prevent common cold ```

Question 28

What ion is found in intracellular flluid | liquid contained inside the cell membranes

Answer 28

Potassium

Question 29

What ions control water volume

Answer 29

Sodium Ions

Question 30

What influences the change of K (potassium)

Answer 30

1. Blood Glucose Levels 2. Adrenal Function 3. Changes in Na+ Levels (Sodium) 4. pH Changes

Question 31

What is Cerebral Circulation

Answer 31

The supply of BLOOD TO BRAIN

Question 32

What is Coronary Circulation

Answer 32

The blood supply to the CARDIAC MUSCLE

Question 33

What is the function of the Glomerular Capsule (also called Bowman's Capsule) (thin membrane that surround glomerulus of a nephron)

Answer 33

1. Performs 1st Step in FILTRATION of Blood to Form Urnie 2. It allows liquids + small particles of solids to pass through but prevents larger structures (blood cells) from passing through

Question 34

What is Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 34

Circulation of blood between HEART + LUNGS

Question 35

What is Hepatic Portal Circulation

Answer 35

1. System of Veins made up of the Hepatic Portal VEIN and its tributaries 2. The return of venous blood from the digestive organs and spleen through a capillary network within the liver before draining to the heart

Question 36

Interstitial Cells

Answer 36

1. The cells of the connective tissue of the ovary or the testis, which furnish the internal secretion of those structures 2. Also called Leydig Cells

Question 37

A vein carrying OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the LEFT ATRIUM of the heart

Answer 37

Pulmonary Veins

Question 38

What is needed by body to absorb Intrinsic Factor

Answer 38

Vitamin B12

Question 39

Where and How does Blood Cell Formation take place

Answer 39

WHERE-Red Bone Marrow | HOW-Erythropoietin, a hormone produced mostly by the kidneys, stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

Question 40

Inadequate blood supply to a local area due to blockage of blood vessels leading to that area

Answer 40

Ischemia