Lifestyle and career development have been emphasized
a. only since the late 1950s
b. only since the late 1960s
c. only once non directive counseling became popular
d. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern
d. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern
One trend is that women are moving into move careers that in the past were populated by males. Women workers are opted impacted by the “glass ceiling” phenomenonAssuming that a counselor’s behavior is influenced by the phenomenon, which statement would he most likely make when coducting a career counseling session with a female client who wants to advance to a higher position?
a. “Your ability to advance in the corporate world is generally based on your mother’s attitude toward work. Can you tell me a little about that?”
b. “Actually, women can advance quite rapidly in the corporate world. I support you 100%. I’d say you should be optimistic and go for the position.”
c. “Let’s be rational. A woman can only advance so far. You really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality.”
d. “In most cases a female will work in a position that is at the same level as her father. Did your dad every work as a corporate executive?”
c. “Let’s be rational. A woman can only advance so far. You really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality.”
Most research i the area of career development and its relationship to students indicates that:
a. a very high proportion of students in high school an junior high wanted guidance planning a career. Career interests are more stable after college.
b. students did not want career guidance despite its importance
c. many students were too inflexible to benefit from career guidance
d. high school students wanted career guidance but jr high school students did not.
a. a very high proportion of students in high school an junior high wanted guidance planning a career. Career interests are more stable after college.
Victor Vroom’s motivation and management expectancy theory suggests that an employee’s performance is influenced by
a. Valence (will the work provide rewards like money, a promotion, or satisfaction)
b. expectancy (what does the person feel they are capable of doing)
c. instrumentality (will the manager actually give the employee the promised reward such as a raise)
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
A dual-career family (or dual worker couple) is one in which both partners have jobs to which they are committed on a somewhat continuous basis. Which statement is true of dual career families?
a. Surprisingly enough, dual-career families have lower incomes that family’s in which only one partner works
b. Dual-career families have higher incomes that the so called “traditional family” where only one partner is working
c. Dual-career families have incomes which are almost identical to families with one partner working
d. Surprisingly enough, no research has been conducted on dual career families
b. Dual-career families have higher incomes that the so called “traditional family” where only one partner is working
In the dual-career family, partners seem to be mores elf-sufficient that in the traditional family. In a dual-career household, the woman
:
a. generally has children before entering the workforce
b. rarely if ever has children
c. is not self-reliant
d. is typically secure in her career before she has children.
d. is typically secure in her career before she has children.
Studies indicate that
a. student receives ample vocational guidance
b. most parents can provide appropriate vocational guidance
c. students want more vocational guidance that they recieve
d. career days meet the vocational guidance needs of most students.
c. students want more vocational guidance that they recieve
(vocational guidance occurs in a school setting, career counseling occurs with adults outside of an educational setting)
statistics reveal that
a. on average, a worker with a bachelor’s degree earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma
b. fewer workers possess a high school diploma than ever before
c. blue-collar jobs are growing faster than white collar jobs
d. older workers are slower than younger workers and have fewer skills.
a. on average, a worker with a bachelor’s degree earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma
When professional career counselors use the term leisure they technically mean
a. the client is having fun at work or away from work
b. the client is relaxing at work or away from work
c. the client is working less that 100
% capacity at work or away from work
d. the time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for obligations
d. the time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for obligations
In terms of leisure time and dual-career families/couples
a. dual carrer folks have more leisure time
b. dual career folks has the same amount of leisure time as families with one wage earner
c. dual career folks have less leisure time
d. dual career families have more weekend leisure time.
c. dual career folks have less leisure time
A client who says, “I feel I cannot really become an administrator in our agency because I am a woman” is showing an example of
a. gender bias
b. counselor bias
c. the trait-and-factor theory
d. developmental theory and career choice
a. gender bias
(Trait-and-Factor Theory = via psychological testing one’s personality could be matched to an occupation matching those particular personality traits)
(the developmental approach views career decisions as longitudinal and reversible)
One major category is career theory is known as the trait-factor ( also called the trait-and-factor) approach. It has also been dubbed the actuarial or matching approach. This approach
a. attempts to match conscious and unconscious work motives
b. attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors ). The approach thus makes the assumption that there is on best or single career for the person
c. attempts to match career behavior with attitudes
d. attempts to match cognition with the workload
b. attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors ). The approach thus makes the assumption that there is on best or single career for the person
The Minnesota Viewpoint expanded on Parson’s model to created a theory of counseling which transcended vocational issues. It was created by:
a. Bandura
b. Edmund Griffith Williamson
c. O’hara
d. Virginia Satir
b. Edmund Griffith Williamson
The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches clients for a job) is associated with
a. Parsons and Williamson
b. Roe and Brill
c. Holland and Super
d. Tiedeman and O’hara
a. Parsons and Williamson
(assumes an individuals traits can be measured so accurately that the choice of an occupation is a one-time process. computer guidance often adheres to the trait-and-factor model)
-Roe and Brill: personality theories of career choice
-Holland= personality needs to be congruent with the work environment
Super- emphasized career development > career choice
Tiedeman and O’hara-support a decision-making theory
The trait-and-factor or actuarial approach asserts that
a. job selection is a long-term developmental process
b. testing in an important part of the counseling process
c. a counselor can match the correct person with the appropriate job
d. b and c
D. b and c
(Crites, Super and Holland’s more modern models all have traces of the Traits-factor model)
In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released. The book was written by Frank Parsons. Parsons has been called
a. the father of lifestyle
b. the father of modern counseling
c. the father of vocational guidance
d. the fourth force in counseling.
c. the father of vocational guidance
Which statement is NOT true of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling ?
a. attempts to match the person’s traits with the requirements of a job
b. usually relies on psychometric information
c. development and focuses on career maturity
d. associated with the work of Parsons and Williamson.
c. development and focuses on career maturity
Edmund Griffith William’s work (Minnesota Viewpoint)pur[orts to be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the
a. Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
b. Binet and the Wechsler
C. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) & the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI)
D. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales
D. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales
The trait-factor approach fails to take xxxx into account
a. individual change throughout the life span
b. relevant psychometric data
c. personality
d. job requirements
a. individual change
Anne Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice
a. based on CBT
b. based on a model of strict operant conditioning
c. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need
d. based on the work of Pavlov
c. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need
Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional system of occupational classification utlilizing:
a. unconscious and preconcious
b. fields and levels
c. yin and yang
d. transactional analysis nomenclature
b. fields and levels
Fields (service, business contact, organizations, technology outdoor, science, general culture, and arts/entertainment)
Levels (professional/managerial 1, professional/managerial 2,
semiprofessional/small business, skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled
All of the following are examples of Roe’s “fields” except:
a. Service
b. Science
c. Arts and Entertainment
d. Unskilled
D. Unskilled
All of the following are examples of Roe’s “levels” except:
a. outdoor
b. semiskilled
c. semiprofessional/small business
d. professional and managerial
a outdoor
Roe spoke of three basic parent styles: overprotective, avoidant, acceptant. The result is that the child:
a/ experiences neurosis or psychosis
b. will eventually have a lot of jobs or lack of employment
c. will develop a personality which gravitates (ie moves) toward people or away from people
d. will suffer from depression in the work setting or will be highly motivated to succeed
c. will develop a personality which gravitates (ie moves) toward people or away from people
