Cervix CA

Question 1

cervix

Answer 1

opening to vagina

Question 2

cervix CA

Answer 2

CA arises on wall of tissue that surrounds cervix –> makes cervix smaller

Question 3

etiology & risks

Answer 3

• HPV infection
• Hx of STIs
• multiple sexual partners
• smoking
• early age sex

Question 4

why are multiple sex partners and early age sex a risk for cervix CA

Answer 4

inc risk of picking up virus

Question 5

patho

Answer 5

• squamous cell origin
• 3 stages of progression
• time of progression depends on indiv, their Hx, etc.
• mets through lymphatic system

Question 6

3 stages of progression

Answer 6

1) initial dysplasia
2) carcinoma in situ
3) later invasive stage

Question 7

initial dysplasia stage (1)

Answer 7

• pre-CA lesion
• Dx at this stage –> good prognosis
• change in histology = “warning sign” for CA

Question 8

carcinoma in situ stage (2)

Answer 8

• epith superficial layer lining cervix

- dev if Tx doesn’t occur during pre-CA stage

Question 9

later invasive stage (3)

Answer 9

impacts deeper layer

Question 10

mnfts

Answer 10

• don’t appear until later in disease
• vaginal discharge
• metorrhagia
• more frequent menses
• pelvic/back pain (late)

Question 11

Dx

Answer 11

• PAP smear
• colposcopy
• HPV vaccine (Gardasil)

Question 12

PAP smear

Answer 12

• Observe sample of squamous cells from cervix for squamous cell growth (change in histology)
• Positive result –> CIN1, CIN2, CIN3

Question 13

HPV Vaccine (Gardasil)

Answer 13

• For young girls & boys to prevent cervical CA
• Provides 5 yrs of protection
• Covers 5 problematic strains of HPV

Question 14

Tx

Answer 14

• curable if in situ (pre-CA)
• excise tumor
• Sx, radiation
• radical hysterectomy
• cryosurgery
• conization
• LEEP (loop electro-surgical excision procedure)

Question 15

radical hysterectomy

Answer 15

remove uterus, cervix, etc. if more severe

Question 16

conization

Answer 16

Sx – remove cone-shaped lesion from cervix (less spread to deeper layers)

Question 17

LEEP (loop electro-surgical excision procedure)

Answer 17

Electro-surgical –> high temp applied w/ loop-like instrument