Pyelonephritis

Question 1

pyelonephritis

Answer 1

upper UTI w/ inflm of renal pelvis & parenchyma

• acute and chronic forms

Question 2

pyelo- suffix meaning

Answer 2

renal calices & pelvis

Question 3

etiology

Answer 3

• bacterial infection (usually E.coli; Staphylococcus aureus via blood)

Question 4

risks

Answer 4

• suppressed immunity
• catheterization
• urinary reflux
• diabetes mellitus

Question 5

why is catheterization a risk

Answer 5

Introduce microbes into bladder, migrates up ureters into kidney

Question 6

example of urinary reflux

Answer 6

BPH – d/t compression of prostate on urethra

Question 7

why is diabetes mellitus a risk

Answer 7

Inadequate perf –> dec defense cells & immunity –> surface proteins become glycosylated & WBCs dec Fx –> glycosuria provides nutrients for bacteria

Question 8

patho

Answer 8

• typical bacterial infection
• bacteria enters, proliferates, & causes cmplx
• Bacteria advance from urethra –> bladder –> ureter –> kidney –> infect & inflm
• Kidney does not have large amounts of empty space, so bacteria proliferates within tissue & damage parenchyma
• Possibility of fibrosis & scar tissue (non-Fx tissue) –> dec kidney Fx

Question 9

chronic form cause & patho

Answer 9

• Self-perpetuating
• Arise d/t lack of intervention, unsuccessful intervention, recurring infections or progression from acute form
• Reflux on an ongoing basis –> recurring infections –> prog renal damage –> chronic inflm –> irreversible renal damage –> possible renal failure

Question 10

mnfts

Answer 10

• acute onset
• lower back pain (more severe than UTI)
• fever
• frequency, dysuria, urgency
• pyuria
• edema & HTN

Question 11

why does fever mnft

Answer 11

d/t infection impacting vital organs

Question 12

what is pyuria and why does it mnft

Answer 12

= pus in urine

d/t bacteria

Question 13

why does edema & HTN mnft

Answer 13

d/t fluid retention

- causes dec kidney Fx –> dec abiltiy to excrete fluid

Question 14

Tx

Answer 14

• Abx
• minimize kidney damage (anti-inflm)
• symptomatic management

Question 15

how long Abx used for

Answer 15

10-14 days (longer than UTI)