ch 11

Question 1

what variables influence how a person chooses to satisfy nutritional requirements

Answer 1

• culture
• socioeconomic status
• personal factors
• religion

Question 2

• provide a significant source of calories and are regularly included in the diet, usually on a daily basis
• typically complex carbs

Answer 2

core foods

Question 3

• foods widely consumed but not on a daily basis
• vary w/ availability

Answer 3

secondary foods

Question 4

• eaten sporadically
• typically based on an individual’s preferences, not cultural norms

Answer 4

peripheral foods

Question 5

• comparable to that of the avg american
• 3 meals/day, largest meal at late afternoon
• traditional foods in nutrients: collard greens and other leafy green and yellow vegetables, legumes, beans, rice and potatoes
• cooking styles: frying, barbecuing, and sauteeing in sauces
• lower in fiber, calcium, potassium, and high fat
• lactose intolerance prevalent

Answer 5

african american diet

Question 6

• high fiber, high vegetables (rather than animal proteins), low fat
• pork, goat, and poultry are most used animal protein
• dietary acculturation causes diet to become higher in fat and sugar and unhealthy
• traditional diets tend to be high in carbs
• deficient in folate, calcium, iron, vitamin A and C
• lactose intolerance common

Answer 6

hispanic or latino american diet

Question 7

• no killing or partaking of intoxicants - strict vegans
• 5 contemplations while eating
• dietary practices depend on sect and country

Answer 7

buddhism

Question 8

• some are pure vegans while others consume fish and some meats
• some occasions fast w/ fruits and milk
• fast 1d/week or month and abstain from all food and fluid during this time
• R hand used for eating while L hand is used for hygeine
• killing a cow = sacrilegious
• food eaten affects and causes certain thoughts, moods, and behaviors

Answer 8

hinduism

Question 9

• if halal menu, offer vegetarian or vegan
• fasting common
• halal: foods of plant origin and some animal origin (lamb, goat, camel, cow, chicken) if they confirm the method of slaughtering
• haram: forbidden foods - pork, blood animals not slaugtered according to specifications, alcohol

Answer 9

islam

Question 10

• kashrut selt of dietary laws
• foods in accordance = kosher
• fleishik (meat)
• milchik (dairy)
• pareve (neutral)

Answer 10

judaism

Question 11

• many lacto-ovo vegetarians and choose low fat foods
• strict kosher diet usually maintained
• overeating prohibited
• coffee, tea, caffeinated drinks, and alcohol prohibited
• 5-6 hr w/o snacking btwn meals
• water consumed before and after meals
• strong seasonings avoided

Answer 11

seventh-day adventists

Question 12

• don’t use coffee, tea, alcohol, or tobacco
• possible caffeinated soft drinks may also be prohibited
• limit meats; eat mostly grains
• fast for at least 2 consective meals 1st sunday of each month
• some fast 1d/month

Answer 12

mormons

Question 13

• some do not eat meat on fridays, ash wednesday, or during lent
• may practice limited fasting on ash wednesday and good friday
• avoid food and beverages 1hr before communion

Answer 13

roman catholicism

Question 14

• dairy not consumed in high quantities
• calcium sometimes consumed through tofu and small fish w/ bones
• fish, pork, and poultry are often the main sources of protein

Answer 14

asian americans