what is pentamidine
and what is the trade name
antiprotozoal agent
trade name: Nebupent
what is pentadine used for
to prevent and treat pneumocystic pneumonia in immunocompromised pt
what are the different ways in which pentamidine can be admistered
inhaled, dry power:
-300mg every 4 wks
nebulized: 5-7L/min
*filtered particles
in negative pressure isolation rm
what type of nebulizer is used to adminster aersolized pentamidine
respirgard ll
5-7L/min
indications for aerosolized pentamine
-prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia PCP (pneumocystis jiroveci)
local airway side effects of aersolized pentamidine
-cough and bronchial irritation
-shortness of breath
-bronchospasm
-spontaneous pneumothoraces
systemic side effects of aersolized pentamidine
-conjunctivitis
-rash
-low WBC
-pancreatitis
-renal insufficiency
-dysglycemia
-digital necorsis in both ft
-appearance of extrapulmonary P jiroveci infection
what should you use to prevent airway related effects when administering pentamidine
-pretreat with a B-adrenergic bronchodilator
-anti-cholinergic
what are the two antiviral drugs
-ribravirin ( virazole)
-zanamirvir ( relenza)
what is the trade name for ribravirin
virazole
what diseases is ribavirin used for
-RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
-influenza virus
-herpes simplex virus
indications for ribavirin
treat infants with severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV
dosage schedule of ribavirin
20 mg/ mL solution
12-18 hr/day
*min 3 days, max 7 days
what device is used to deliver Ribavirin
SPAG
what principle does the SPAG unit operate
shearing jet principle
what can RSV infection cause?
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
- children exposed by 2
seasonal: NOV-MARCH
*caused formation of large mutinucleated cells or synchtium
when should zanamivir be used?
-uncomplicated influenza
-5yrs+
-symptomatic for more then 2 days
-goal: reduce severity and duration of flu symptoms
how is zanamivir dispensed
DPI diskus-5mg/blister
two inhalations,. bid, 12 hrs apart for 5 days
adverse effects of inhaled zanamivir (relenza)
-bronchospasm
-decreased lung function (asthma and COPD)
what is Palivizumab (synagis)
-monoclonal antibody
-prevent and treat RSV in premature infants
dosage and admin for palivizumab (synagis)
Injection
15 mg/ kg given monthly
adverse reactions for palivizumab
-anyphylaxis
-fever
-uri
-otitis
-rhinitis
-rash
-pain
-hernia
-coughing
-wheezing
what are the antibacterial agents
-tobramycin (TOBI)-amioglycoside antibiotic
-aztreonam (cayston)-monobactam antibiotic
indications for aersolized tobramycin
-managment of chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis
