PNE 162 > Ch 24 & 25 > Flashcards

Ch 24 & 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

Narrowing of the opening in the aortic valve when the valve cusps become stiff and rigid

A

Aortic stenosis 

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2
Q

Place on the chest wall, where heart pulsations are most strongly felt

A

Point of maximum impulse

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3
Q

Invasive non-surgical procedure to enlarge a narrowed heart valve using a deflated balloon that is threaded through a peripheral blood vessel into the stenotic valve, then inflated to stretch the opening 

A

Balloon valvuloplasty

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4
Q

Surgical repair of the mitral valve leaflet and their fibrous ring

A

Annuloplasty

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5
Q

Minimally invasive procedure in which a catheter traverses the aortic valve deceased leaflets are open via an inflatable balloon, and a replacement valve is inserted

A

Trans catheter aortic valve replacement
(TARV)

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6
Q

Occurs when the aortic valve does not close tightly and blood can leak backward

A

Aortic regurgitation

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7
Q

The valves inability to close tightly

A

Valvular incompetence

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8
Q

Leaking of blood backwards through a valve that does not close tightly

A

Valvular regurgitation

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9
Q

Assessment finding characterized as a strong radial pulse with a quick sharp beats, followed by a sudden collapse of force 

A

Waterhammer pulse

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10
Q

Means that the valve does not open properly to facilitate filing of the left ventricle

A

Mitral stenosis 

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11
Q

The area where the cusps contact each other and the chordae tendinea fuse and shorten

A

Commissures

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12
Q

Abnormal electrical impulse transmission through the conduction system

A

Arrhythmias

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13
Q

Quivering of the atrial muscle with insufficient force to pump blood 

A

Atrial fibrillation

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14
Q

Surgical technique to separate the fused valve leaflets

A

Commissurotomy

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15
Q

Sometimes referred to as mitral insufficiency occurs when the mitral valve does not close completely

A

Mitral regurgitation

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16
Q

The valve cusps enlarge become floppy and bulge backward into the left atrium
(Most common)

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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17
Q

Cluster of symptoms associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction in which changes in mitral valve tissue layers cause its cusps to distend stretching the papillary muscles and leading to valvular incompetence 

A

Mitral valve prolapse syndrome

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18
Q

Occurs when the aortic valve does not close tightly and can leak backward

A

Regurgitation

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19
Q

Refers to the loss of elasticity or hardening of the arteries that accompanies the aging process

A

Arteriosclerosis

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20
Q

A condition in which the lumen of arteries filled with fatty deposits called plaque

A

Atherosclerosis

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21
Q

Fatty deposits, composed, chiefly of cholesterol

A

Plaque

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22
Q

A fatty lipid substance

A

Cholesterol

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23
Q

High levels of blood fat triggers, atherosclerotic changes

A

Hyperlipidemia 

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24
Q

Amino acid created during the metabolism of protein: elevated levels are believed to impair memory and contribute to above normal cholesterol levels 

A

Homocystine

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25
Fatty mass within the arterial wall
Atheroma
26
Blood clot with a coronary artery
Coronary thrombosis
27
Is the closing of a coronary artery which reduces or totally interrupts blood supply to the distal muscle area
Coronary occlusion
28
Interruption in blood supply, to cardiac muscle, also known as heart attack
Myocardial infarction
29
Chest pain of cardiac origin
Angina pectoris
30
Any group of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia
Acute coronary syndrome
31
Impaired oxygenation of cells and tissues
Ischemia
32
Any group of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia
Acute coronary syndrome
33
Stretching and bulging of an arterial wall, usually caused by weakening of the vessel
Aneurysm
34
Chest pain of cardiac origin
Angina pectoris
35
Regeneration of blood vessels
Angiogenesis
36
Measurement used to detect peripheral artery disease (PAD) by comparing the systolic pressure in the brachial artery with that in the posterior tibial using Doppler ultrasound at rest or after exercise
Ankle-brachial index
37
Loss of elasticity or hardening of the arteries
Ateriosclerosis
38
Surgical removal of fatty plaque from arteries by inserting a cardiac catheter with a cutting tool at the tip or performing laser angioplasty
Atherectomy
39
Fatty mass within the arterial wall
Atheroma
40
Condition in which the lumen of the artery feels with fatty deposits, chiefly composed of cholesterol
Atherosclerosis
41
Purring or blowing sound caused by blood flowing over the rough surface of one or both carotid arteries
Bruit
42
Program following a cardiac event that combines exercise and educational activities to speed recovery and reduce or prevent recurring episodes
Cardiac rehabilitation
43
Fatty (lipid) substance
Cholesterol
44
Circulation formed by smaller blood vessels branching off from or near larger occluded vessels
Collateral circulation
45
Arteriosclerotic and atherosclerotic changes in the coronary artery supplying the myocardium
Coronary artery disease
46
Obstruction of a coronary artery that reduces or totally interrupts blood supply to the distal muscle area
Coronary occlusion
47
Small, metal coil with mesh-like openings placed within the coronary artery during PTCA that prevents the coronary artery from collapsing
Coronary stent
48
Blood clot within a coronary artery
Coronary thrombosis
49
Complication of peripheral artery disease characterized by open sores or infections that do not resolve, become gangrenous, and threaten the viability of the limb, making amputation necessary
Critical limb ischemia
50
Radiologic test that produces x-rays of the coronary arteries using an electron beam
Electron beam computed tomography
51
Moving mass of particles, either solid or gas, within the bloodstream
Embolus
52
Non-invasive and non-surgical therapy that helps relieve angina using a pressure suit that moves blood toward the heart
Enhanced external counterpulsation
53
Lipoprotein that has a higher ratio of protein than cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein
54
Amino acid created during the metabolism of protein; elevated levels are believed to impair memory and contribute to above-normal cholesterol levels
Homocysteine
55
High levels of fat in the blood
Hyperlipidemia
56
Area of tissue that dies from inadequate oxygen
Infarct
57
Leg pain w/ exercise
Intermittent claudication
58
Impaired oxygenation of cells and tissues
Ischemia
59
One of several forms of an enzyme that can be identified separately
Isoenzyme
60
Use of short pulses of light to vaporize arterial plaque
Laser angioplasty
61
A test that measures different types of fats (lipids) in your blood to assess cardiovascular disease risk
Lipid profile
62
Protein in blood that has a higher ratio of cholesterol than protein *bad cholesterol*
Low-density lipoprotein
63
Interruption in blood supply to cardiac muscle; also known as heart attack
Myocardial infarction
64
Procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a diseased coronary artery, then inflated to compress atherosclerotic plaque
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
65
Disorders that affect blood vessels distant from the large central blood vessels supplying the myocardium or that circulate blood directly in and out of the heart
Peripheral vascular disease
66
Clot formation with minimal or no venous inflammation
Phlebothrombosis
67
Plant sources of estrogen
Phytoestrogens
68
Fatty deposits composed chiefly of cholesterol
Plaque
69
Death of tissue that does not extend through the full thickness of the myocardial wall
Subendocaridal infarction
70
Drugs that dissolve blood clots
Thrombolytic agents
71
Inflammation of a vein accompanied by clot or thrombus formation
Thrombophlebitis
72
Formation of a blood clot
Thrombosis
73
Stationary blood clot
Thrombus
74
Therapy used to treat chronic non-healing skin lesions by delivering oxygen above atmospheric pressure directly to the wound
Topical hyperbaric oxygen
75
Death of tissue that extends through the full thickness of the myocardial wall
Transmural infarction
76
Laser procedure that improves oxygenation of myocardial tissue by creating channels into which oxygenated blood seeps and is absorbed by the ischemic myocardium
Transmyocardial revascularization
77
Dilated, tortuous veins
Varicose veins
78
Surgical treatment for severe varicose veins in which the affected veins are tied off above and below the area of incompetent valves, but the dysfunctional vein remains
Vein ligation
79
Surgical treatment for severe varicose veins in which the affected veins are severed and removed
Vein stripping
80
Peripheral vascular disorder in which the flow of venous blood is impaired through deep or superficial veins, or both
Venous insufficiency
81
Retrograde flow of venous blood
Venous reflux
82
Lesion that forms on the skin when the flow of venous blood is impaired
Venous stasis ulcer
PNE 162
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