Ch 49

Question 1

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Answer 1

Adenohypophysis

Question 2

Outer portion of the adrenal glands; manufactures and secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and small amounts of sex hormones.

Answer 2

Adrenal cortex

Question 3

Glands located above the kidneys; the outer portion is the cortex, and the inner portion is the medulla.

Answer 3

Adrenal glands

Question 4

Inner portion of the adrenal glands; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, two hormones released in response to stress or threat to life. They facilitate what is referred to as the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 4

Adrenal medulla

Question 5

Substance secrete by the pituitary that stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete corticosteroid hormones.

Answer 5

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 6

Collective term for the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and small amounts of sex hormones manufactured and secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Answer 6

Corticosteroids

Question 7

Causes the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Answer 7

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone

Question 8

Hormone produced by the ovaries.

Answer 8

Estrogen

Question 9

Mechanism that turns hormone production off and on; negative feedback stimulates a releasing gland in response to a decrease in levels while positive feedback keeps concentrations of hormones within a stable range.

Answer 9

Feedback loop

Question 10

Hormone that stimulates the development of ovum in the ovaries and sperm in the testes.

Answer 10

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 11

Hormone that increases blood sugar levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver.

Answer 11

Glucagon

Question 12

Process in which glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver.

Answer 12

Glycogenolysis

Question 13

Triggers sexual development at the onset of puberty and continues to cause the anterior pituitary gland to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Answer 13

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Question 14

Causes the release of somatotropin (growth hormone [GH]) from the anterior pituitary gland.

Answer 14

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Question 15

Chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands that accelerate or slow physiologic processes.

Answer 15

Hormones

Question 16

Pituitary gland.

Answer 16

Hypophysis

Question 17

Inhibits the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland.

Answer 17

Hypothalamic dopamine

Question 18

Portion of the brain between the cerebrum and the brain stem that stimulates and inhibits the pituitary gland.

Answer 18

Hypothalamus

Question 19

A hormone released by beta islet cells, lowers the levels of blood glucose when it rises beyond normal limits.

Answer 19

Insulin

Question 20

Hormone-secreting cells of the pancreas that release insulin and glucagon.

Answer 20

Islets of Langerhans

Question 21

Hormone that initiates ovulation and, in both sexes, secretion of sex hormones.

Answer 21

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 22

Hormone that aids in regulating sleep cycles and mood and is believed to play a role in hypothalamic-pituitary interaction.

Answer 22

Melatonin

Question 23

Stimulate and inhibit secretions from the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland; also known as releasing hormones.

Answer 23

Neurohormones

Question 24

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Answer 24

Neurohypophysis

Question 25

Female endocrine glands important in the development of secondary sex characteristics, the manufacture of hormones, and the development of ova.

Answer 25

Ovaries

Question 26

Gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions; the exocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes that the common bile duct carries to the small intestine, while the endocrine cells of the pancreas release insulin and glucagon.

Answer 26

Pancreas

Question 27

Hormone released from gamma islet cells that controls exocrine secretions from the pancreas.

Answer 27

Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 28

Hormone that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.

Answer 28

Parathormone

Question 29

Four small bean-shaped bodies embedded in the lateral lobes of the thyroid that secrete parathormone.

Answer 29

Parathyroid glands

Question 30

Intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.

Answer 30

Pars intermedia

Question 31

Gland attached to the thalamus in the brain, that secretes melatonin, which aids in regulating sleep cycles and mood.

Answer 31

Pineal gland

Question 32

Many endocrine glands respond to stimulation from this gland (or hypophysis), which is connected by a stalk to the hypothalamus in the brain. This gland is also divided into 3 lobes. This gland is called the “master gland” b/c it regulates the function of other endocrine glands.

Answer 32

Pituitary gland

Question 33

Hormone produced by the ovaries.

Answer 33

Progesterone

Question 34

Hormone that promotes production and secretion of milk after childbirth.

Answer 34

Prolactin

Question 35

Study that determines the concentration of a radioactive substance in plasma.

Answer 35

Radioimmunoassay

Question 36

Atom with an unstable nucleus that emits electromagnetic radiation.

Answer 36

Radionuclide

Question 37

Inhibits GHRH and TSH and also blocks the secretion of several GI hormones, including gastric, cholecystokinin, and secretin; lowers the blood flow within the intestine; suppresses the release of insulin and glucagon from the pancreas; and suppresses the release of exocrine enzymes from the pancreas.

Answer 37

Somatostatin

Question 38

Hormone that stimulates bone and muscle growth and promotes protein synthesis and fat mobilization.

Answer 38

Somatotropin

Question 39

Male sex glands, important in the development of secondary sex characteristics, the manufacture of hormones, and the development of sperm.

Answer 39

Testes

Question 40

Hormone produced by the testes for the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics, such as facial hair and a deep voice.

Answer 40

Testosterone

Question 41

Hormone synthesized by the thyroid gland that regulates the body’s metabolic rate; also known as T4.

Answer 41

Tetraiodothyronine

Question 42

Hormone that aids in the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes.

Answer 42

Thymopoeitin

Question 43

Hormone that aids in developing T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in immunity.

Answer 43

Thymosin

Question 44

Structure in the upper part of the chest that secretes thymosin, which programs T lymphocytes to become regulatory or effector T cells.

Answer 44

Thymus gland

Question 45

Structure located in the lower neck that concentrates iodine from food and uses it to synthesize tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine or T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Answer 45

Thyroid gland

Question 46

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the production and secretion of thyroid hormones.

Answer 46

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 47

Hormone synthesized by the thyroid gland that regulates the body’s metabolic rate; also called T3.

Answer 47

Triiodothyronine