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Question 1

what determines the chemical properties of organic molecules

Answer 1

organic functional groups

Question 2

The four classes of small biomolecules are

Answer 2

The four classes of small biomolecules are

Question 3

Several types of LIPIDS have

Answer 3

Several types of LIPIDS have FATTY ACID components.

Question 4

METABOLISM is the

Answer 4

sum of all enzyme- catalyzed reactions in a living organism. Classes of biochemical pathway:

METABOLIC (ANABOLIC and CATABOLIC)

ENERGY TRANSFER

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Question 5

In living organisms, energy is usually generated by

Answer 5

REDOX REACTIONS.

AUTOTROPH; HETEROTROPH

PHOTOAUTOTROPH; CHEMOAUTOTROPH

CHEMOHETEROTROPH; PHOTOHETEROTROPH

Question 6

LIFE IS:

Answer 6

1.Complex and dynamic: biomolecules, biochemical reactions

2.Organized and self-sustaining, characterized by

—hierarchical order, from atoms to multicellular organisms, that requires a constant influx of energy and matter

—enzyme-catalyzed reactions; metabolic pathways that can be regulated; (homeostasis)

3.Cellular: cell membranes control transport into and out of the cell

4.Information-based

5.Able to adapt and evolve (mutations)

Question 7

SMALL BIOMOLECULES ARE BUILDING BLOCKS

Answer 7

FOR LARGE BIOMOLECULES

Question 8

SMALL BIOMOLECULES ARE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR LARGE BIOMOLECULES

amino acids

Answer 8

peptides, polypeptides, proteins

Question 9

SMALL BIOMOLECULES ARE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR LARGE BIOMOLECULES

monosaccharides

Answer 9

carbohydrates; polyglycans

Question 10

SMALL BIOMOLECULES ARE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR LARGE BIOMOLECULES

fatty acids

Answer 10

(components of lipids)

Question 11

SMALL BIOMOLECULES ARE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR LARGE BIOMOLECULES

nucleotides

Answer 11

nucleic acids (RNA, DNA)

Question 12

Small biomolecules also

Answer 12

carry out special biological functions (e.g., as neurotransmitters or hormones), serve as energy sources, and/or take part in complex reaction pathways.

Question 13

Amino acids are linked together by

Answer 13

peptide (amide) bonds, which have double-bond character that impacts the overall structure with its rigidity.

Question 13

Amino acids contain

Answer 13

an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and a side chain (R group). In α-amino acids, the amino group is attached to the α-carbon.

Question 14

Amino acid residues

Answer 14

in proteins

Question 15

Polypeptides:

Answer 15

peptides (up to 50 amino acids), proteins (longer)

Question 15

Sugars contain

Answer 15

alcohol groups and either aldehydes (in aldoses) or ketones (in ketoses).