- Oxidizing Substances supply their own _____ to the burning process. - Peroxides are very unstable when _________

- oxygen - heated or improperly stored

Ch.18 Flashcards by Blake Harper

_________ and ________ have regulations that apply to hazardous materials response.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Environmental Protection Agency
*Aslo NFPA have standards

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_______ classifies hazardous materials into 9 numerical classes and 2 word classes for placarding and labeling purposes.

Department of Transportation (DOT)

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Class 1- Explosives

has ____ subdivisions

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Characterized by destroying property and producing a shock wave that may incur or kill:

Detonate

*to explode with sudden violence

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Those that burn rapidly and add to fire load and intensity

deflagrate

*considered low explosive, occurs more slowly than detonation

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Class 2- Gases

subdivided into _____ classes

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Nonflammable gases

Have a lower flammable limit of no higher than _____ and a flammable range of greater than ________

-no higher than 13

greater than 10

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FF should understand that both the properties of gas involved and its weight in comparison to air, air equals ______

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Class 3- Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Includes gasoline

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Class 4- Flammable Solids (Spontaneously Combustible, and Dangerous when Wet)
Subdivided into _____ classes

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Class 4 materials such as calcium carbide are _________

water reactive

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Class 5- Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides

Subdivided into ____ classes

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Oxidizing Substances supply their own _____ to the burning process.
Peroxides are very unstable when _________

oxygen

- heated or improperly stored

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Class 6- Poisonous or Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances
Subdivided into _____ classes

*may be solid, liquid, or gas

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Class 7- Radioactive Materials

Divided into ____ levels

3 levels

Depending on amount of radiation released
Be particularly alert around medical facilities that use radioactive materials for diagnostic testing

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Class 8- Corrosive Materials

Are either acids or bases

pH of material is either higher than or lower than that of human tissue

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Class 9- Miscellaneous Hazards Materials/Products, substances, or Organisms

Class 9

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ORM-D =

Consumer Commodity

*Used for other regulated materials

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To ensure the highest level of safety, proper ______ and _______ is necessary.

Product ID

- notification of hazardous material team

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There are 3 levels of risk associated with rescue at a hazardous materials incident:

Low Risk
Calculated Risk
Unacceptable Risk

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Low Risk is based on 4 assumptions:

Hazards are known and are not expected to increase
The PPE available is appropriate
Responders are properly trained to the task
High probability of a safe and successful outcome

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Calculated Risk assumes same as Low risk model, with one exception:

The degree of certainty that the hazards are not expected to increase, Hazards may increase and has a Contingency Plan

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Has NO chance of success.
2 and 3 may be valid (PPE available, Responders trained)
1 and 4 are not (hazards are known, high probability of safe and successful outcome)
FF should not be committed to entering locations contacting product.
Risks outweigh potential gains

Unacceptable Risk

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For evacuation, 2 objectives must be considered:

First objective- notify those who must and can be moved

2nd objective- deals with those who need protection or evacuation but cannot be moved for whatever reason.

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When considering Sheltering-in-Place:

- Duration of the release - number of potential evacuees - Available resources - Whether victims can be adequately protected where they are

Studies have shown that sheltering in place is ___________

generally safer than evacuation

- The tactical objectives are designed to limit the area of impact or stop the forward spread of the material - The goal is confinement - Tactical objectives are damming, diking, and retention

Defensive Tactics

Cargo ships may carry up to _____ passengers

Shipboard firefighting operations require:

-lifelines, PPE, SCBA

All ships usually contain _______ gallons of fuel

hundreds of thousands of gallons

The ships prefire plan is called:

Fire Control Plan (FCP)

The FCP is required to be stowed in a _______________

Marked location outside the deckhouse | *Signs directing FF's to the location of the FCP are required

_______ should be used to provide exit paths at ship fires.

Lifelines

``` Structural building terms to Ship terms: Walls: Floors: Ceiling: Windows: Doors: ```

``` Wall = Bulkheads Floors = platforms or decks Ceiling = overhead Windows = Portholes Doors = Hatches ```

Railcars can be classified by _____ basic types:

8 - locomotive - boxcars - flatcars - inter modal equipment - gondola cars - hopper cars - passenger cars - tank cars

The workhorse of the Train:

Locomotive

A ________ is a generator on rails and biggest hazard is electricity generated by diesel engine.

Diesel electric locomotive

Electric Locomotives, which run on electricity from overhead wires can carry between _______ and ________ volts.

25,000 and 50,000 volts

________ are designed to protect the cargo from the elements and avoid contamination.

- Boxcars * often made of wood * contain refrigeration system * Diesel generator has #1 or #2 diesel fuel oil

- Do not have wall enclosures or tops - Provide no protection from elements - Do not present any special fire problems

Flatcars

________ allow the cargo to be transferred rapidly between different modes of transportation without ever having to off load the product.

Intermodal Equipment

Hopper Cars:

- Have fixed sides and ends - Floor is sloped to one or more hinged doors - Used to transport dry bulk materials - fertilizers, chemicals, salts, flour,grain

Passenger trains may carry ______ people

several hundred

The capacity of tank cars range from ______ to ______

-few hundred gallons to more than 30,000 gallons -May have one or more May be pressurized or non-pressurized -May be interconnected by pipes, forming a Tank Train

Several 1 ton containers of chorine are commonly transported on a flat car, called a _________

Multi-unit tank car

BLEVE =

Boiling Liquid-Expanding Vapor Explosion

If a rail locomotive is powered by electricity, then either _______ or _______ will be present.

overhead wires or third rail

Non-passenger trains travel with a minimum of usually ________ people

2 to 4 | *Crew should be in the Lead locomotive

Much information on the cargo and position of the railcars can be found on the _______ or ______

- consist | - wheel report

Aircraft engines can be 3 different types:

- reciprocating - jet propulsion - turbo-prop

The reciprocating engine uses __________

high-octane gasoline or avgas

Jet engines and turboprop engines use _____________

commercial high-grade kerosene- JET A * Higher flash point * Lower ignition point

Military aircraft with jet engines use a blend of ____ and ________

kerosene and gasoline

Hydraulic lines may carry pressures of up to ______ pis

5000 psi

The planes (APU) Auxiliary power unit operates off the planes __________

fuel supply

Rotary-wing aircraft may carry anywhere from _____ to ____ people.

1 to 50

Fuel quantities carried on helicopters can range from ____ to _____ gallons

20 - 700 gallons

Main rotor blades on large helicopters can span as much as _____ ft in diameter.

60 ft

Main rotor blades may dip as low as ____ feet from ground

4ft

``` Color-coding for Aircraft Tubing Fuel: Lubrication: Hydraulic: Compressed Gas: Breathing Air: Fire Protection: ```

``` Fuel: Red Lubrication: Yellow Hydraulic: Blue and Yellow Compressed Gas: Orange Breathing Air: Green Fire Protection: Brown ```

What is Fuselage of plane:

Body

Low-pressure tanks have different types of roofs including:

- cone roof - floating roof - floating roof with geodesic dome - covered floating roof

Bulk tanks are generally step-constructed and may be closely laid out to one another in a _______ arrangement.

tank farm

Crews should not be placed in line with the _____ containing pressurized gases.

ends of tanks

Water should be applied in large quantities to the vapor space of pressurized containers, and to the sides ______ the liquid line of large liquid or non-pressurized tanks.

below

The substation fire is usually a _____ fire after the electricity has been shut down.

Class B fire

Electrical transformer fires cause underground vault explosions that can catapult manhole covers more than _____ ft in air

100 ft

Historical Structures:

- may not contain modern built-in private fire protection - visitors unfamiliar - make sure upgrades are made

As water applied to burning fuel, it sinks to bottom of container. Water turns to steam and expands in volume; causes oil to spill out of container onto large uncontrolled area:

Boilover

Ch.18 Flashcards

(69 cards)