what is rooting?
touch babies cheek and then the baby will have reflex and open mouth and turn head in direction of motion to suck, dissapears by 3mo
what is the babinski reflex?
stroke sole of foot and infants toes fan out, dissapears 12 mo
moro reflex
noise or loss of support makes infant arch back+ throw arms and legs out then bring them back in, disapears after 4-5mo
what is the difference between adaptive and primitive reflexes?
adaptive are done to help help newborns survive, primitive are controlled by parts of brain then dissapear
how do infants typically sleep?
move through sleep and wakefulness in pattern every 2 hours ish, pattern stabalizes with age, they sleep 80% of time, by 8week sleep through night
what are the three kinds of crying?
basic: signals hunger
anger: loud and intense
pain, very abrupt onset
what does it mean when a baby is colicy?
behavior pattern where baby persistently cries w unknown cause for several months
what are the two most developed and underdeveloped parts of brain at birth?
most developed: midbrain and medulla (regular vital functions)
least developed: cortex (perception, body movement, thinking, language)
what is ossification?
process of bones hardening, begins from prenatal through puberty
What is SIDS?
sudden infant death syndrome: unexpected death of apparently healthy infant, 5% all infant deaths
what is the preference technique?
idea that longer you look at something compared to another reveals something about what captures babies attention (look at thing you like more longer)
what are the processes of habituation/dishabituation?
habituation (used to seeing thing) then presents dif stimuli –> if baby responds again dishabituation is displayed , done to see if baby can detect change
how can operant conditioning be used to observe habituation?
after learned response is established, experiment and vary stimulus to see if baby still responds
how is cognitive neuroscience used to observe habituation?
use brain recording, imaging techniques to compare infant brain firing to that of an adults when seeing same thing.
what is visual acuity?
how well one can see details at a distance –> occurs with age bc babies can see 40x worse than us when born
what is tracking used to observe?
used to observe eyesight, and see if child can follow moving object, initially bad but gets better fast
when does color vision occur?
red, green, blue, present by 1 month, then is identical to adults
what is an infants auditory acuity?
newborns year nearly as well as adults, high pitched noises need to be loud to be heard, can locate direction of some sound at birth
taste and smell in babies
smell has unlimited variations at birth, taste is reacted to in varying ways –> shows that they can taste everything at birth
how is a babies touch and motion sensors at birth?
most developed sense at birth, responsive to gentle social touching, important in early brain development and attachment
what is the sleeper effect?
when early experience of worldly stimulation doesn’t occur so visual capacity fails to develop normally later on
what is a babies depth percetion like?
has none until 14-16 mo
what is depth perception judged with?
-kinetic cues: motion from objects or eyes (car window) (3mo)
-binocular cues: involves both eyes, closer object is, more eyes views differ (4mo)
-monocular cues: input from one eye, has linear perspective( lines get closer as get farther away) (5-7 mo)
what do babies typically look at?
-scan for light-dark contrast + attend to motion, at 2mo scan entire objects and identify things
