Narrow-spectrum
Effective on a small range of microbes Target a specific cell component that is found only in certain microbes (i.e., INH to treat Mycobacterial infections)
Broad-spectrum
Greatest range of activity Target cell components common to most pathogens (i.e., ribosomes)
Selective toxicity
Administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent without harming the host’s cells
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are common metabolic products of aerobic bacteria and fungi
Prophylaxis
The use of antibiotics to prevent an infection from developing in the first place. (got this from Google)
Streptomyces
Bacillus
Penicillium
Cephalosporium
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Peptidoglycan
Injury to plasma or cell membrane
Phospholipids/sterols
Inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription
DNA/RNA synthesis
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Targets the 70S ribosomes (70s - prokaryotic),tRNA, peptide bond formation, etc.
Inhibition of Essential Metabolites Synthesis/metabolic pathways
Enzymes
Selective toxicity with viral and fungal infections
It is difficult to achieve selective toxicity due to the obligate intracellular parasitic nature of viruses It is difficult to achieve selective toxicity due to fungi being eukaryotic, just like humans
