Chapter 1

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

One of the 4 types of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

An alternate (variant) form of a gene

Question 3

Autosome

Answer 3

A chromosome that does not have any genes that determine sex

Question 4

Biobank

Answer 4

A facility or tesource that stores DNA sequence and other data, for use in research

Question 5

Bioethics

Answer 5

A field that addresses personal and societal issues that arise in applying medical technology and using genetic information

Question 6

Cell

Answer 6

The fundamental unit of life

Question 7

Chromosome

Answer 7

A highly wound, continuous molecule of DNA and the proteins associated with it

Question 8

Complex trait

Answer 8

A phenotype caused by one or more genes and an environmental influence

Question 9

Cytosine

Answer 9

One of the four types of nitrogenous based in DNA and RNA

Question 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 10

The genetic material; the biochemical that forms genes

Question 11

Differentiation

Answer 11

The specialization of distinctive cell types through the use of subsets of genes to manufacture proteins

Question 12

DNA profiling

Answer 12

A group of biotechnologies that detects differences among individuals used to identify them or rule out relationships. Includes numbers of repeats, single nucleotide polymorphism patterns, and gene and genome sequencing

Question 13

DNA Replication

Answer 13

Construction of a new DNA double helix using the parental strand nucleotide sequence as a template

Question 14

Dominant

Answer 14

A gene variant expressed when present in one copy

Question 15

Exome

Answer 15

The approximately 1 percent of the genome that encoded proteins

Question 16

Gene

Answer 16

A section of a DNA molecule whose sequence of building blocks instructs a cell to produce a particular protein

Question 17

Gene expression

Answer 17

The transcription of mRNA molecules from a gene

Question 18

Gene pool

Answer 18

All the alleles in a population

Question 19

Generic genealogy

Answer 19

Comparing DNA sequences among individuals to determine relatedness and geographic origins

Question 20

Generics

Answer 20

The study of inherited traits and their variation

Question 21

Genome

Answer 21

The complete set of generic instructions in the cells of a type of organism

Question 22

Genome editing

Answer 22

Creating double-stranded breaks in the DNA double helix, enabling insertion or removal of a specific DNA sequence

Question 23

Genomics

Answer 23

The field that analyzes and compares genomes

Question 24

Genotype

Answer 24

The allele combinations in an individual that cause traits or diseases

Question 25

Guanine

Answer 25

One of the 4 types of nitrogenous based in DNA and RNA

Question 26

Heredity

Answer 26

Transmission of inherited traits from generation to generation

Question 27

Karyotype

Answer 27

A size-order chart of chromosome pairs

Question 28

Mendelian trait

Answer 28

A characteristic specified by expression of one gene, with a transmission pattern in accordance with Mendel’s law of segregation

Question 29

Metagenomics

Answer 29

Sewuencing all of the genomes present in a sample of a particular environment

Question 30

Microbiome

Answer 30

All of the organisms that live in an on another organism

Question 31

Mutation

Answer 31

A change in a DNA sequence that affects the phenotype and is rare in a population

Question 32

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 32

The nitrogen-containing bases that are the information-carrying part of DNA or RNA

Question 33

Nucleus

Answer 33

A structure in a non-dividing cell that houses DNA

Question 34

Pedigree

Answer 34

A chart of symbols connected by lined that depicts the genetic relationships of and transmission of inherited traits in a family

Question 35

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 35

Testing for a gene variant that affects metabolism of a specific drug

Question 36

Phenotype

Answer 36

The expression of a gene in traits or symptoms

Question 37

recessive

Answer 37

an allele that must be present on both chromosomes of a pair to be expressed

Question 38

recombinant DNA technology

Answer 38

Adding a gene from one species to the genome of another, to program production of a desired protein or trait

Question 39

reibonucleic acid

Answer 39

a nucleic acid whose bases are A C U and G

Question 40

sex chromosome

Answer 40

a chromosome including genes that specify sex

Question 41

somatic cell

Answer 41

a non-sex cell, with 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans

Question 42

stem cell

Answer 42

a cell than can divide to yield another stem cell (self-renew) and a cell that differentiates

Question 43

thymine

Answer 43

one of the four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA

Question 44

tissue

Answer 44

aggregate of cells with a shared function

Question 45

transcription

Answer 45

manufacturing complementary RNA from a gene on a strand of DNA

Question 46

translation

Answer 46

assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in a molecule of mRNA

Question 47

uracil

Answer 47

one of the four types of nitrogenous bases in RNA