What are the 6 levels of structural organization of the human body?
chemical level
cellular level
tissue level
organ level
organ system level
organismal level
what is a Tissue?
a group of many similar cells that work together to preform a specific function
What is the integumentary system?
skin, hair, nails
to protect the body, act as armour
skelital system
bones, cartilage, joints
provides structure for your body
muscular system
muscles, tendons
nervous system
brain, spinal chord, peripheral nerves
endocrine system
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testies, ovaries
Cardiovascular system
heart, blood vessles
lymphatic system
thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
respiratory system
nasal passage, trachea, lungs
digestive system
esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, anus, liver, gall blader
urinary system
kidneys, urinary bladder
male reproductive system
epididiymis, testes
female reproductive system
mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
what is the metabolic process?
breaking down and using nutrients to energize your body
anabolism: the process where smaller, simpler molecules are combines into larger, more complex molecules
catabolism: where larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
what is ATP?
stores and releases energy
comes from food, then goes around to your body where it needs it
requirments for life:
oxygen, nutrients, temperature: 37 C, pressure
what is homeostasis?
when the body continuously monitors it’s internal conditions, each physiological condition has a particular set point: where the normal range fluctuates
negative feedback: maintains the body parameters within their normal range - sensor, control center, effector
positive feedback: pushes and intesifies a change in the body’s condition rather than reversing it back to it’s set point - only normal when there is a definite end point
what are the 9 abdominal regions
R hypochondriac region
epiastric region
L hypochondriac region
R lumbar region
Umbilical region
L lumbar region
R iliac region
Hypogastric region
L iliac region
Abdominal Quadrants
R upper quad.
L upper quad
R lower quad
L lower quad
What is the serous membrane?
covers walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
they form fluid-filled sacs, that cushion and reduce friction when organs move (when heart and lungs rise and fall)
Pleura - serous membrane - encloses the pleural cavity that surrounds the lungs
Pericardium - serous membrane - encloses the pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart
Peritoneum - serous membrane that encloses the peritoneal cavity that surrounds several organs and the abdominopelvic cavity
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Anatomical Positions40
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Chapter 4 - Tissues29
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Chapter 9 - Joints17
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Chapter 121
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Muscle tissue16
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Kinematics & Kinetic movements12
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Injuries - Axial & Appendicular skeleton17
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Joints & articulating bones14
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Pectoral & Arm Muscles42
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Axial Muscles23
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Lateral rotators & Thigh muscles25
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Muscle actions & Fiber Arrangements6
